^m  Bmm  state  colle::  'mm 


A  MANUAL  OF  MARCHING 


By  George  A.   Cornell,   '02 


Edited  by  ELMER  BERRY,  B.  S.,  M.  P.  E. 

International    Yottng    Mkn's    Christian 
Association  College,  Springfield,  Mass. 


FIFTH    EDITION 


OCTOBER     1915 


The  Seminar   Publishing  Company 
Springfield,    Mass. 


Copyright,  1906 
The  Seminar  Publishing  Co. 


LIBRARY 

S^AT"^  TEACHERS  C^L'EGE 
SA    TA  LASSARA.  CALIFORNIA 


i^(j^  IHSS-^- 


[5  /C 


Contents 


Page 

Preface  5 

Method 7 

General  Rules 9-12 

Cadence 13 

Single  Rank  Marching 14-58 

Forming 14 

Dressing 15 

Resting 15 

Dismissing 15 

Changing  Step 16 

Counting 16 

Facing 17 

Marching 17-25 

From  a  halt  or  marking  time 17-21 

To  reverse  or  change  direction  without  marking  time 

or  halting  and  without  facing 21-22 

To  continue,  reverse  or  change  direction  without  halt- 
ing or  marking  time  with  a  facing  involved 22-25 

i  Wheehng 25-27 

Halting 27-28 

^  Column  Movements 28-30 

Forming  Line  From  Column 30-33 

With  change  of  direction 30-32 

Without  change  of  direction 32-33 

Forming  Column  From  Column 33-42 

With  change  of  direction 33-35 

Without  change  of  direction 36-42 

Columns  Uniting  and  Separating 42-44 

Maneuvers  by  Fours,  Eights,  etc C_45-5 

Marching  in  Double  Rank 59-61 

Methods  of  Getting  On  the  Floor  for  Cahsthenic  Work 62-70 

Bibliography 71 

Index 72-74 


A  Manual  of  Marching 

By  George  A.  Cornell,  '02 

Edited  by  Elmer  Berry,  B.  S. ,  M.  P.  E. 

International  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  College 
Springfield,  Mass. 


Preface 

The  value  of  marching  from  a  normal  standpoint  is 
becoming  increasingly  evident.  The  increased  demand  for 
a  useful  textbook  has  made  a  fifth  edition  of  Mr.  Cornell's 
Manual  a  necessity.  In  this  edition  the  general  changes 
adopted  for  the  fourth  edition  have  been  retained. 

First,  the  material  has  been  largely  rearranged  using  a 
topical  scheme,  bringing  similar  movements  together,  rather 
than  the  strictly  formation  scheme  of  previous  editions.  It 
is  believed  that  this  has  made  the  material  more  readily 
accessible  to  untechnical  tacticians. 

Second,  a  number  of  movements  and  maneuvers  have 
been  added,  particularly  facings  while  on  the  march,  de- 
signed to  be  executed  in  a  small  space  and  yet  give  training 
in  alertness.  This  phase  is  particularly  emphasized  in  school 
Mrork. 

Third,  a  number  of  more  complicated  movements  suit- 
able for  fancy  or  exhibition  marching  have  been  added.  As 
far  as  is  consistent  with  gymnastic  purposes,  the  military 
method  and  nomenclature  have  been  retained,  though 
changes     and     additions    have    been     freely    made    when 


prompted  by  gymnastic  needs.  It  is  felt  that  the  marching 
of  men  and  of  boys  in  such  organizations  as  the  Boy 
Scouts  should  be  closely  in  accord  with  the  regulation 
military  marching.  With  this  in  mind,  the  present  edition 
has  been  compared  carefully  with  the  Infantry  Drill  Regu- 
lations of  the  United  States  Army  issued  August,  1911. 

Some  of  the  movements  previously  vague  or  uncertain 
have  been  made  clearer  and  diagrams  presented. 

Elmer  Berry. 


Method 

The  desire  is  to  make  marching  as  simple  as  possible. 
Diagrams  are  used  to  help  obtain  this  result.  The  posi- 
tion from  which  the  given  command  is  to  be  executed 
is  given  first,  thus  making  it  clearer  for  men  who  have 
never  had  a  thorough  training  along  that  line.  To  illustrate  : 
If  the  company  is  to  execute  "fours  right"  from  a  column 
of  fours,  the  command  will  be  preceded  by  a  description 
of  the  present  direction  and  the  new  direction  of  the  com- 
pany. Thus,  Marching  in  column  of  fours  to  form  a  line 
and  change  direction.  After  this  will  follow  the  command, 
1.  Fours  left  (right),  2.  March.  Or  if  the  company  were 
marching  in  company  front,  and  it  was  desired  to  use  the 
same  command,  the  following  would  be  indicated :  March- 
ing in  line,  to  change  direction  and  march  in  column  of 
fours.  This  should  simplify  gymnastic  marching  and  avoid 
mistakes.  Alfred  T.  Halsted's  "Manual  of  Marching  for 
Gymnastic  Use"  has  been  gone  over  carefully  and  neces- 
sary corrections  and  additions  made,  basing  the  entire 
work  upon  the  U.  S.  Infantry  Drill  Regulations  for  the 
years  1891  and  1904.  This  system  of  arranging  com- 
mands was  suggested  by  the  Drill  Regulations.  The  defini- 
tions of  terms  used  in  this  manual  may  be  found  on  pages 
9  and  10  of  the  Regulations  for  1904.  Generally  drawings 
referred  to  in  the  references  to  the  Drill  Regulations  will 
not  be  reproduced  in  this  manual.  In  this  revision  the 
manual  is  brought  up  to  date  with  the  Infantry  Drill  Regu- 
lations of  1911.  The  wording  for  quotations,  however,  is 
that  of  the  Regulations  of  1891,  except  where  changes  in 
meaning  have  been  made.  The  first  part  of  the  reference 
refers  to  the  Regulations  of  1891;  the  second  part  refers  to 
the  pages  where  the  same  thing  is  found  in  the  Regulations 
of  1904. 


Methods  of  Arranging  Classes  on  the  Floor 

An  effort  has  been  made  to  collect  the  various  methods  of 
putting  men  on  the  floor  for  calisthenic  work.  These  are 
arranged  in  the  form  of  a  glossary  for  the  convenience  of 
the  director. 


I 


General  Rules 

(1)  In    giving    commands    the    physical    director    should 

always  face  toward  the  men. 

(2)  The  physical  director  "should  always  maintain  a  mili- 

tary bearing  and  by  a  quiet,  firm  demeanor  set  a 
proper  example  to  the  men."^ 

(3)  The  physical  director  "explains  each  movement  in  as 

few  words  as  possible,  at  the  same  time  executing  it 
hmiself."- 

(4)  "There  are  two  kinds  of  commands."" 

"The  preparatory  command,  such  as  Forward,  indicates 
the  movement  that  is  to  be  executed." 

"The  command  of  execution,  such  as  'March,'  'Halt,' 
causes  the  execution." 

The  preparatory  command  should  always  precede  the 
command  of  execution,  as  1.  Company,  2.  Halt. 

"The  preparatory  command  should  be  given  at  such  an 
interval  of  time  before  the  command  of  execution  as  to 
admit  of  its  being  properly  understood ;  the  command  of 
execution  should  be  given  at  the  instant  the  movement  is  to 
commence." 

"Each  preparatory  command  is  pronounced  in  an  ascend- 
ing tone  of  voice,  but  always  in  such  a  manner  that  the  com- 
mand for  execution  may  be  more  energetic  and  elevated." 

"The  command  of  execution  is  pronounced  in  a  firm  and 
brief  tone." 

"The  tone  of  the  command  is  animated,  distinct  and  of 
a  loudness  proportional  to  the  number  of  men  under  instruc- 
tion." 

(5)  "Any  movement  may  be  executed  either  from  the  halt, 

or  when  marching  or  marking  time,  if  not  otherwise 
prescribed."* 

(1)  Infantry  Drill  Regulations,  U.  S.  Army,  p.   10.     1904,  p.   13. 

(2)  Infantry  Drill  Regulations,  U.  S.   Army,  p.    10. 

(3)  Infantry  Drill  Regulations,  U.  S.   Army,  pp.   8,  9.      1904,  p.    12. 

(4)  Infantry  Drill  Regulations,  U.  S.  Army,  p.   8. 


(6)  "When  the  execution   of   a   movement   is   improperly 

begun  and  the  instructor  wishes  to  begin  it  anew  for 
the  purpose  of  correcting  it,  he  commands,  As  you 
were,  at  which  the  movement  ceases  and  the  former 
position  is  resumed."^ 

(7)  All  commands  which  involve  a  change  of  direction  to 

the  left  (or  right)  should  be  given  as  the  left  (or 
right)  foot  is  coming  to  the  floor;  for  example,  By 
the  left  (or  right)  flank,  etc. 

(8)  In   giving   commands   which    are    to    be    followed    by 

counting  to  secure  precision  of  execution,  such  as 
in  Open  order  from  column  of  three  (Swedish  Open 
Order)  the  command,  March,  should  always  count 
as  one. 

(9)  When  the  command.  Fall  in  line,  has  been  given,  the 

general  rule  should  be  observed,  that  the  shortest 
men  fall  in  on  the  right  of  the  line. 

(10)  The  formation  of  double  ranks  should  always  be  made 

on  the  right  of  the  line. 

(11)  When  marching  in  column  of  files,  care  should  be 

taken  to  have  every  man  keep  closed  as  nearly  as 
possible  to  facing  distance,  i.e.,  sixteen  inches. 
(13)   When   marching   in   line   always   guide    right   unless 
otherwise  directed. 

(13)  When  marching  in  column  of  fours,  sixes  or  eights, 

and  column  right  or  left  is  given,  always  guide  on 
the  marching  flank. 

(14)  Marching  flank  is  the  term  given  to  that  end  of  the 

line  that  maintains  the  regular  cadence  in  executing 
a  turn ;  the  man  who  is  acting  as  the  pivot  man  and 
those  near  him  regulate  their  step  so  that  the  men 
on  the  marching  flank  do  not  have  to  increase  the 
cadence. 

(15)  "In  all  wheelings  by  fours,  the  forward  march  is  taken 

up  on  the  completion  of  the  movement,  unless  the 

(1)    Infantry  Drill   Regulations,  U.   S.   Army,  p.    11.     1904,  p.    13. 

10 


command,  Halt,  be  given. "^  For  example.  Fours 
left  (or  right). 

(16)  "At  half  step  or  mark  time  while  obliquing,  the  oblique 

march  is  resumed  by  the  commands:   1.  Full  step, 

2.  March."- 

(17)  "In  the  oblique  march,  the  guide  is  always  without 

indication  on  the  side  toward  which  the  oblique  is 
made.  On  resuming  the  direct  march  in  line  the 
guide  is  announced."^ 

(18)  "If  the  oblique  be  executed  from  a  halt,  the  guide  is 

announced  on  taking  the  direct  march  in  line."* 

(19)  In  taking  hand  apparatus  while  marching  in  column 

of   files,   the   command.   Half   step,   or   Mark   time, 
may  be  given  to  give  time  to  get  apparatus  and  close 
up  to  the  proper  distance. 
After  the  close  of  the  drill  the  same  rule  may  be  followed 
in  putting  away  apparatus. 

(20)  Any  command  which  involves  a  change  of  direction 

may  be  brought  to  a  halt  without  the  command. 
Halt,  by  giving  the  number  of  steps  in  the  command 
that  are  to  be  executed  in  the  new  direction.  For 
example,  ] .  By  the  left  (or  right)  flank,  2.  Four  steps, 

3.  March. 

(21)  Marching  in  column  of  fours  in  double  rank  the  rear 

rank  falls  back  to  forty-four  inches. 

(22)  A  large  per  cent  of  the  commands  in  both  single  and 

double  rank  marching  can  be  executed  when  march- 
ing in  double  time ;  a  number  of  movements  may 
also  be  executed  in  short  steps  or  in  double  time 
from  a  halt  or  quick  time  by  inserting  the  proper 
command:  1.  By  the  right  flank,  2.  Double  time, 
3.  March ;  1.  To  the  rear,  2.  Double  time,  3.  March ; 
1.  By  the  right  flank,  2.  Half  steps,  3.  March; 
1.  Backward,  2.  Half  steps,  3.  March. 

(1)  Infantry  Drill   Regulations,  U.   S.   Anny,  p.    71. 

(2)  Infantry  Drill  Regulations,  1904,  U.   S.   Army,  p.   45. 

(3)  Infantry  Drill  Regulations,  1904,  U.   S.   Army,  p.   45. 

(4)  Infantry  Drill  Regulations,  U.  S.  Army,  p.  50. 

11 


The  company  may  be  made  to  mark  time  as  soon  as  the 
desired  movement  is  executed  by  inserting  the  command, 
Mark  time,  thus,  1.  By  the  right  flank,  2.  Mark  time,  3. 
March. 

Any  combination  of  movements  described  may  be 
arranged  according  to  the  desire  and  ingenuity  of  the  instruc- 
tor by  simply  combining  the  proper  commands  as  1.  Fours 
left,  right  face  and  sideward  left,  2.  March. 

(23)  When  marching. in  column  of  twos  or  fours  all  com- 

mands  should   be   given   from   the   leading  twos   or 

fours,  e.g., 
Marching  in  columns  of  twos   (or  fours),  the  command 
Column  left  and  right,  alternating,   is  given,   the   first  set 
of  twos  (or  fours)  turn  to  the  left  and  the  second  set  of 
twos  (or  fours)  turn  to  the  right. 

(24)  Observation  of  this  rule  will  avoid  any  mixing  of  the 

direction  for  the  leading  two  or  four. 

(25)  The  column  of   fours  changes  direction,  marches  to 

the  rear  and  by  the  flank,  wheels  in  fours,  executes 
the  facings  and  steps,  obliques  and  forms  a  line, 
according  to  the  principles  laid  down  for  a  column 
of  files  or  twos. 

(26)  Unless  otherwise  stated,  movements  are  done  as  pre- 

scribed from  either  column  or  line. 


12 


Cadence 

(1)   Quick  time. 

"The  length  of  the  full  step  in  quick  time  is  thirty  inches 
measured  from  heel  to  heel,  and  the  cadence  is  at  the  rate 
of  120  steps  per  minute."^  The  length  of  the  half  step  is 
fifteen  inches. 

(3)   Double  time. 

"The  length  of  the  full  step  in  double  time  is  thirty-six 
inches;  the  cadence  is  at  the  rate  of  180  steps  per  minute."^ 
The  length  of  the  half  step  is  eighteen  inches. 

(3)   Common  time. 

"The  cadence  of  common  time  is  from  sixty-four  to 
seventy  steps  per  minute."^ 

(1)  Infantry  Drill   Regulations,   U.   S.   Army,  pp.  20,  21.      1904.   p.  24. 

(2)  Infantry   Drill   Regulations,   U.   S.   Army,  pp.  20,  21.      1904.  p.  24. 

(3)  Light   Gymnastics,   by  Anderson,  pp.   9,   10. 


13 


Single  Rank  Marching 

Forming 

(1)  To  form  a  line : 

1.  Fall  in  line. 
At  this  command  each  man  takes  his  place  in  line 
according  to  height.^  Each  man  should  move  by  short 
side  steps  to  the  right  till  he  touches  the  elbow  of  his 
neighbor,  or  give  way  to  the  left  till  there  is  no  crowd- 
ing. Arms  should  be  straight  and  hanging  at  the  sides. 
This  position  should  be  retained  till  the  next  command. 

(2)  To  fomi  a  column: 

1.  Fall  in  column. 
At  the  command,  Fall  in  column,  the  men  form  in 
single  column,  i.e.,  one  behind  another  according  to 
height,  the  shortest  man  at  the  head  of  the  column ;  each 
man  should  see  that  he  is  within  facing  distance  of  the 
man  in  front  of  him,  i.e.,  sixteen  inches  from  back  to 
chest. 

Attention 

(1)   Having  formed  in  line  or  column,  or  being  in  line  or 
column  at  rest,  to  command  attention : 
1.  Company  (squad  or  class),  2.  Attention. 
"At  the  command.  Attention,  each  man  takes  the  posi- 
tion of  the  soldier  as  follows :  Heels  on  the  same  line  and 
as  near  each  other  as  the  conformation  of  the  man  per- 
mits ;  feet  turned  out  equally  and  forming  with  each  other 
an  angle  of  about  forty-five  degree;  knees  straight  and 
without  stiffness ;  body  erect  on  the  hips,  inclining  a  little 
forward,    shoulders    square    and    falling    equally,    arms 

(1)    See  General  Rule  9. 

14 


and  hands  outward,  elbows  near  the  body ;  head  erect 
and  square  to  the  front;  chin  sHghtly  drawn  in,  without 
restraint ;  eyes  straight  to  the  front. "^ 

Dressing 

( 1 )  Being  in  hne  at  attention,  to  dress  the  hne : 

1.  Right  (or  left),  2.  Dress. 
All  cast  the  head  and  eyes  to  the  right  (or  left)  and 
place  themselves  in  a  position  so  that  they  can  just  see 
the  breast  of  the  third  man  down  the  line.  The  shoul- 
ders should  not  be  deranged  by  this  movement.  Close 
in  until  the  space  of  three  inches  remains  between  elbows 
as  the  arms  hang  naturally. 

(2)  Having  fallen   in   line   and   dressed,  to   face  to  the 
front : 

1.  Front. 
At  the  command.  Front,  each  man  turns  his  head  and 
eyes  to  the  front  and  stands  in  the  position  of  attention, 
waiting  the  next  command. 

Resting 

( 1 )   Being  at  attention  at  a  halt,  to  rest  the  men : 
1.  Rest,  or  at  ease. 
At  the  command.  Rest,  the  men  keep  one  heel  in  place, 
but  are  not  required  to  preserve  silence  or  immobility. 
At  the  command.  At  ease,  the  men  keep  one  heel  in  place 
and  preserve  silence,  but  not  immobility. 

Dismissing 

(1)   Being  in  column  or  line  at  a  halt  to  break  ranks: 
1.  Break  ranks,  2.  March. 
At  the  command,  March,  the  company  takes  one  step 
forward  before  the   line  is  broken,   the   company  being 
dismissed. 

(1)    Infantry   Drill   Regulations,  U.   S.   Army,  p.    11.      1904,   p.    18. 

15 


Changing  Step 

(1)   Marching  in  column  or  line,  to  change  step: 
1.  Change  step,  2.  March. 

"At  the  command,  March,  given  as  the  right  foot 
comes  to  the  ground,  the  left  foot  is  advanced  and 
planted;  the  toe  of  the  right  is  then  advanced  near  the 
heel  of  the  left,  the  recruit  again  stepping  off  with  the 
left." 

"The  change  on  the  right  foot  is  similarly  executed, 
the  command,  March,  being  given  as  the  left  foot  strikes 
the  ground."^ 

Counting 

(1)  Being  in  line  at  a  halt,  to  count  off  from  the  right 
flank: 

1.  Count  off,  2.  Count. 
The  first  man  on  the  right  calls,  "one,"  the  second  man, 
"two,"  the. third,  "three,"  the  fourth,  "four,"  the  fifth, 
"five,"  and  so  on,  until  the  entire  company  has  numbered. 

(2)  Being  in  line  at  a  halt,  to  count  twos    (or  threes 
or  fours)   from  right  (or  left)  flank: 

1.  Count,  2.  Twos  (or  threes,  or  fours). 
This  should  always  be  executed  from  the  right  flank 
unless  the  director  for  some  particular  reason  wants  the 
men  counted  off  from  the  left  flank,  in  which  case  he 
should  precede  the  command  by  the  caution,  "From  the 
left  flank."  "Each  man  should  turn  his  head  as  he 
speaks  his  number,  to  the  left,  if  counting  from  the  right, 
thus  giving  the  cue  to  his  next  neighbor,  immediately 
turning  to  the  front  again. "^ 

(3)  Being  in  a  line  at  halt,  to  count  off  in  double   (or 
triple)  ones  and  twos: 

1.  Double  (or  triple)  ones  and  twos,  2.  Count. 
At  the  command.  Count,  the  first  two  (or  three)  men 

(1)  Marching  for  Gymnastic  Use,  by  Halsted,  p.  6. 

(2)  Infantry  Drill  Regulations,  U.  S.  Army,  p.  22.      1904,  p.  26. 

16 


number  "one,"  the  second  two  (or  three)  men  number 
"two,"  and  the  third  two  (or  three)  men  number  "one" 
again;  this  is  continued  until  the  whole  line  is  numbered 
off  in  double  (or  triple)  ones  and  twos.  The  same  gen- 
eral rules  hold  as  for  counting  off  in  twos  and  fours 
(Par.  2). 

Facing 
At  a  halt 

(1)  To  face  to  the  right  (or  left),  half  face  to  the 
right  (or  left),  or  about  face  to  the  right  (or 
left)  : 

1.  Right  (or  left),  2.  Face. 
1.  Half  right  (or  left),  2.  Face. 
1.  About  (or  left  about),  2.  Face. 
At  the  command.   Face,  turn  to  the  right    (or  left) 
through  an  angle  of  90° (45°  or  180°)  on  the  right  (or 
left)  heel  and  the  ball  of  the  left  (or  right)  foot,  lift  the 
left  (or  right)  foot  and  place  it  beside  the  right  (or  left). 

While  marching 

Any  of  the  above  facings  may  also  be  executed  while 
marking  time  or  marching,  care  being  taken  by  the  in- 
structor to  give  the  command  "March"  on  the  foot  on  the 
side  toward  which  the  movement  is  to  be  executed.  Com- 
binations of  marching  with  facings  will  be  found  under 
Marching,  page  22.  After  facing  on  the  march  continue 
to  march  in  the  same  mode  as  before  unless  otherwise 
commanded. 

Marching 

From  a  halt  or  marking  time 
(1)   Being  at  a  halt,  to  mark  time: 
1.  Mark  time,  2.  March. 
"At  the  command,  March,  raise  the  left  foot  about  two 

17 


inches,  bending  the  knee,  and  bring  it  back  on  a  line  with 
the  other.  Follow  with  the  right.  Continue  without 
gaining  ground.  If  on  the  march,  the  movement  is  exe- 
cuted in  the  same  manner.  If  at  double  time,  the  cadence 
of  double  time  is  retained.  To  take  up  or  resume  the 
full  step,  the  command,^  1.  Full  step,  2.  March,  is  given. "- 

(2)  Being  in  column  at  a  halt,  or  marking  time,  to  march 
in  column : 

1.  Forward,  2.  March. 
"At  the  command,  Forward,  throw  the  weight  of  the 
body  upon  the  right  leg  without  bending  the  left  knee ; 
at  the  command,  March,  move  the  left  leg  smartly,  but 
without  jerk,  carry  the  foot  straight  forward  thirty 
inches  from  the  right,  measuring  from  heel  to  heel,  sole 
near  the  ground,  knees  straight  and  toe  forward;  at  the 
same  time  throw  the  weight  of  the  body  forward  and 
plant  the  foot  without  shock,  weight  of  body  resting 
upon  it;  next,  in  like  manner,  advance  the  right  foot, 
and  plant  as  above ;  continue  the  march,  keeping  the 
face  to  the  front.  The  director  indicates  from  time  to 
time  the  cadence  of  the  step  by  calling,  One,  two,  three, 
four;  or  left,  right,  at  the  instant  the  left  foot  and  right 
foot,  respectively,  should  be  planted."^ 

(3)  Being  in  line  at  a  halt,  or  marking  time,  to  march 
forward  in  line : 

1.  Forward,  2.  Guide  right  (or  left),  3.  March. 
"At  the  command,  March,  the  men  step  off,  the  guide 
.  marching  straight  to  the  front.  The  men  preserve  their 
intervals  toward  the  side  of  the  guide,  yielding  to  pres- 
sure from  that  side  and  resisting  pressure  from  the 
opposite  direction.  While  habitually  keeping  the  head  to 
the  front,  they  may  occasionally  glance  toward  the  side  of 
the  guide,  to  preserve  alignment  and  intervals.  The  head 
is  turned  as  little  as  possible  for  this  purpose."* 

(1)  See  General  Rule  22. 

(2)  Infantry  Drill   Regulations,   1904,  U.   S.   Army,  p.   25. 

(3)  Infantry  Drill   Regulations,  U.   S.   Army,  p.   20.      1904,  p.   24. 

(4)  Marching  for  Gymnastic  Use,  by  Halsted,  p.  25. 

18 


(4)  Being  at  a  halt,  or  marking  time,  to  march  in  double 
time : 

1.  Forward,  2.  Double  time,  3.  March. 
"At  the  command,  Forward,  throw  the  weight  of  the 
body  on  the  right  leg;  at  the  command,  Double  time, 
raise  the  hands  until  the  forearms  are  horizontal,  fingers 
closed,  nails  toward  the  body,  elbows  to  the  rear.  At 
the  command,  March,  carry  forward  the  left  foot,  leg 
slightly  bent,  knee  somewhat  raised,  and  plant  the  foot 
thirty-six  inches  from  the  right ;  then  execute  the  same 
motion  with  the  right  foot ;  continue  this  alternate  move- 
ment of  the  feet,  throwing  the  weight  of  the  body  forward 
and  allowing  a  natural  swinging  motion  of  the  arms."^ 
If  in  column  the  men  gradually  drop  back  to  thirty-six 
inches. 

(5)  Being  at  a  halt,  or  marking  time,  to  march  in  half 
steps : 

1.  Forward,  3.  Half  steps,  3.  March. 
"At  the  command,  March,  the  class  takes  steps  of  fif- 
teen inches.  The  full  step  is  resumed  at  the  command, 
1.  Full  step,  2.  March."  The  half  step  may  be  taken  up 
from  the  full  step  by  the  command,  1.  Half  steps,  2. 
March. 

(6)  Being  at  a  halt,  or  marking  time,  to  march  backward : 

1.  Backward,  2.  March. 
"At  the  command,  Alarch,  step  back  with  the  left  foot 
fifteen  inches  straight  to  the  rear,  measuring  from  heeil  to 
heel,  then  with  the  right,  and  so  on,  the  feet  alternating."- 

(7)  Being  at  a  halt,  or  marking  time,  to  side  step  to  the 
right  or  left : 

1.  Sideward  left  (or  right),  2.  March. 
"At  the  command,  March,  carry  the  left  foot  twelve 

(1)  Infantry  Drill   Regulations,  U.   S.   Army,  p.   21.      1904,   p.   24. 

(2)  Infantry  Drill   Regulations,  U.   S.   Army,   p.   22.      1904,  p.   26. 

19 


inches  to  the  left,  keeping  the  knees  straight  and  square 
to  the  front;  as  soon  as  the  left  foot  is  planted  bring  the 
right  foot  to  the  side  of  it,  and  continue  the  movement,  j 

observing  the  cadence  for  each  foot,  as  explained  for 
quick  time."  (Par.  1,  Cadence.)^  Side  step  to  the  right  is 
executed  just  the  reverse. 

(8)  Being  at  a  halt,  to  march  to  the  rear: 

1.  To  the  rear,  2.  March. 
At  the  command,  March,  make  a  half  turn  of   180° 
on  the  right  heel  and  the  ball  of  the  left  foot;  the  left 
foot  is  then  advanced  forward  in  the  new  direction  and 
the  march  taken  up. 

(9)  Marking  time,  to  march  to  the  rear: 

1.  To  the  rear,  2.  March. 
1.  About  face,  fonvard,  2.  March. 
At  the  command,  March,  given  as  the  right  (or  left) 
foot   strikes   the   floor,   advance   and   plant   the  left    (or 
right)   foot,  then  turn  on  the  balls  of  both  feet,  facing 
to  the  right   (or  left)    about,  and  immediately  step  off 
with  the  left  (or  right)   foot  in  the  new  direction. 
Executed  in  the  same  manner  if  marching. 

(10)  Being  at  a  halt,  to  march  by  the  left    (or  right) 
flank: 

1.  By  the  left  (or  right)  flank,  2.  March. 

1.  Left  (or  right)  face,  forward,  2.  March. 
At  the  command,  March,  make  a  quarter  turn  of  90° 
on  the  left  (or  right)  heel  and  the  ball  of  the  right  foot, 
but  instead  of  lifting  the  right  foot  and  placing  it  beside 
the  left  as  in  the  left  face,  it  is  advanced  to  the  regulation 
step  and  the  march  is  taken  up. 

(11)  Marking  time,  to  march  by  the  left  (or  right)  flank : 

1.  By  the  left  (or  right)  flank,  2.  March. 
1.  Half  left  (or  right)  face,  forward,  2.  March. 
At  the  command,  March,  given  as  the  left  (or  right) 

(1)    Infantry   Drill   Regulations,  U.   S.   Army,  p.   22.       1904,  p.   25. 

20 


foot  strikes  the  floor,  advance  the  right  (or  left)  foot, 
turn  to  the  left  (or  right)  through  an  angle  of  90°  and 
step  off  with  the  left  (or  right)  foot. 

Executed  in  the  same  manner  if  marching. 

(12)   Being  at  a  halt,  or  marking  time,  to.  march  by  the 
left  (or  right)  oblique: 

1.  Left  (or  right)  oblique,  2.  March. 
1.  Half  left  (or  right)  face,  forward,  2.  March. 
At  the  command,  March,  the  company  execute  a  half 
left  (or  right)  face  (Par.  1,  Facings),  but  instead  of 
planting  the  right  foot  by  the  side  of  the  left,  it  is  ad- 
vanced forward  the  regulation  step  and  the  march  is 
started. 

Marching,  to  reverse  or  change  direction  or  mode  zvithout 
marking  time  or  halting  and  zvithout  facing 

(1)  Marching  forward,  to  march  backward: 

1.  Backward,  2.  March. 
At  the  command,  IMarch,  given  as  either  foot  strikes 
the  floor,  advance  the  other  foot  to  stop  the  forward 
impetus,  throw  the  weight  back  on  the  foot  upon  which 
the  command  was  given  and  step  backward  with  the 
opposite  foot. 

(2)  Marching  backward,  to  march  forward: 

1.     Forward,  2.  March. 
Executed  as  above. 

(3)  Marching  forward   (or  backward),  to  march   side- 
ward: 

1.  Sideward  left  (or  right),  2.  March. 
At  the  command,  March,  given  as  the  left  (or  right) 
foot  strikes  the  floor,  advance  the  other  foot  to  stop  the 
impetus  and  step  off  to  the  left  (or  right)  with  the  left 
(or  right)  foot. 

21 


(4)   Marching  sideward,  to  march  forward  (or  backward 
or  sideward  right,  left). 

1.  Forward    (or   backward    or    sideward,    right), 
2.  March. 
At  the  command,  March,  given  as  the  following  foot 
closes  up,  advance  the  leading  foot  to  stop  the  impetus 
and  step  in  the  direction  indicated  with  the  other  foot. 

Marching  to  continue,  reverse  or  change  direction  or  mode 
ivithout  halting  or  marking  time  zvith  a  facing  involved 

(1)  Marching   forward,   to   face  about   and   march   for- 
ward : 

1.  To  the  rear,  2.  March. 

1.  Right  about  face,  2.  March. 
Executed  as  when  marking  time   (Par.  9,  Marching). 
When  turning  to  the  left  the  command  should  be  given  on 
the  left  foot. 

(2)  Marching  forward,  to  face  about  and  march  back- 
ward : 

1.  Right  (or  left)  about  face,  backward,  2.  March. 
At  the  command,  March,  given  as  the  right  (or  left) 
foot  strikes  the  floor,  advance  the  left  (or  right)  foot, 
turn  sharply  to  the  right  (or  left)  through  an  angle  of 
180°  and  step  backward  with  the  right  (or  left)  foot 
without  interrupting  the  count. 

(3)  Marching  forward,  to  face  and  march  forward: 

1.  By  the  right   (or  left)   flank,  2.  March. 
1.  Right  face,^2.  March. 
Executed  as  when  marking  time  (Par.  11,  Marching). 

(4)  Marching  forward,  to  face  and  march  backward: 

1.  Right  (or  left)   face,  backward,  2.  March. 
Executed  as  above,  stepping  off  with  right    (or  left) 
foot  backward,  instead  of  forward. 

33 


The  command,  1.  By  the  right   (or  left)   flank,  back- 
ward, 2.  March,  could  also  be  used. 

(5)  Marching  forward,  to  face  and  march  sideward: 

1.  Right  (or  left)   face,  sideward  left  (or  right), 

2.  March. 

At  the  command,  March,  given  as  the  right  foot  strikes 

the  floor,  advance  the  left  (or  right)   foot,  face  sharply 

to  the  right  (or  left)  through  an  angle  of  90°  and  carry 

the  right  (or  left)  foot  up  to  the  left  (or  right). 

1.  Right  (or  left)   face,  sideward  right  (or  left), 

2.  March. 

Executed  as  above,  but  instead  of  carrying  the  right 

(or  left)  foot  up  against  the  left  (or  right),  replace  it  in 

position  and  carry  the  left   (or  right)   against  the  right 

(or  left). 

(6)  Marching  forward,  to   face  about  and  march  side- 
ward: 

1.  Right  (or  left)  about  face,  sideward  right  (or 
left),  2.  March. 
Executed  as  No.  2,  except  that  the  right  (or  left)  foot 
is  carried  to  the  right  (or  left),  instead  of  backward. 

1.  Right  (or  left)   about  face,  sideward  left  (or 
right),  2.  March. 
Executed  as  above,  except  that  the  right  (or  left)  foot 
is  placed  beside  the  left  (or  right). 

(7)  Marching  backward,  to  about  face  and  march  for- 
ward: 

1.  Right  (or  left)  about  face,  forward,  2.  March. 
At  the  command,  March,  given  as  the  left  (or  right) 
foot  strikes  the  floor,  advance  the  opposite  foot,  face 
sharply  in  the  direction  indicated  through  an  angle  of 
180°  and  take  up  the  forward  march  without  interrupt- 
ing the  count. 

23 


(8)  Marching  backward,  to  about  face  and  march  back- 
ward : 

1.  Right  (or  left)  about  face,  2.  March. 
1.  To  the  rear,  2.  March. 
Executed  as  when  marching  forward  (No.  1),  except 
that  the  command  comes  on  the  left  foot. 

(9)  Marching  backward,  to  face  and  march  forward: 

1.  Right  (or  left)   face,  forward,  2.  March. 
1.  By  the  right  (or  left)  flank,  2.  March. 
Executed  as  in  No.  3. 

(10)  Marching  backward,  to  face  and  march  backward: 

1.  Right  (or  left)   face,  2.  March. 
1.  By  the  left  (or  right)  flank,  2.  March. 
Give  the  command,  March,  as  the  left  (or  right)   foot 
strikes  the  floor. 

(11)  Marching  l)ackward,  to  face  and  march  sideward: 

1.  Right  (or  left)  face,  sideward  right  (or  left), 
2.  March. 
Executed  as  in  No.  5,  except  that  the  right  (or  left) 
foot  is  carried  sideward  right  (or  left). 

1.  Right  (or  left)  face,  sideward  left  (or  right), 
2.  March. 
Execute  the  first  part  as  above,  but  replace  the  left  (or 
right)  foot  in  position  and  carry  right  (or  left)  against  it. 

(12)  Marching  backward,  to  face  about  and  march  side- 
ward : 

1.  Right  (or  left)  about  face,  sideward  right  (or 

left),  2.  March. 
1.  Right  (or  left)  about  face,  sideward  left  (or 
right),  2.  March. 
As  in  No.  G. 

24 


(13)    Marching  sideward,   to    face  and   march    forward, 
backward  or  sideward : 

1.  Right  (or  left)  face,  forward  (or  backward  or 

sideward  right,  left),  2.  March. 

The  command,  Alarch,  should  be  given  in  each  case  as 

the  feet  close.    Advance  the  leading  foot,  turn  sharply  in 

the  direction  indicated  and  step  off  in  the  new  direction 

without  interrupting  the  count. 

(l-i)   Marching  sideward,  to  about  face  and  march  for- 
ward, backward  or  sideward : 

1.  Right  (or  left)  about  face,  forward  (or  back- 
ward or  sideward  right,  left),  2.  March. 
Executed  as  in  No.  13. 

Note.  Any  of  the  above  may  be  executed  from  a  halt, 
or  marking  time.  The  movement  may  be  brought  to  a 
halt  immediately  upon  completing  the  facing  by  substitut- 
ing words.  Company  halt,  after  the  directions  for  facing — 
thus:  1.  Right  face,  company,  2.  Halt. 

Wheeling 

(1)  Being  in  line  or  column  of  twos  or  fours  at  a  halt, 
marking  time  or  marching,  to  march  by  the  flank  by 
twos  or  fours : 

1.  Twos  (or  fours)  right  (or  left),  2.  March. 

1.  Twos    (or    fours)    right    (or    left)    about,    2. 

March. 

1.  Twos  (or  fours)   Va,  right  (or  left),  2.  March. 

1.  Twos  (or  fours)  full  right  (or  left),  2.  March. 

At  the  command,  March,  each  unit  wheels  the  amount 

indicated  on  a  fixed  pivot,  the  pivot  turning  strictly  in 

place,  the  man  on  the  marching  flank  maintains  the  full 

step,  moving  on  the  arc  of  a  circle  with  the  pivot  man  as 

a  center,  taking  as  many  steps  as  there  are  men  in  the 

unit ;  the  men  dress  on  the  marching  flank,  shorten  their 

•     steps  according  to  their  distance  from  it,  and  keep  their 


intervals  from  the  pivot  man.  Upon  completing  the 
wheeling  indicated,  the  forward  march  is  taken  up. 
Wheeling  by  twos  when  counted  in  fours,  numbers  one 
and  three  and  two  and  four  act  as  pivots. 

(3)  To  have  the  fours  wheel  continuously  left  (or  right)  : 

1.  Fours  left  (or  right)  circle,  2.  March. 
The  fours  wheel  to  the  left  (or  right)  as  in  Fours  left, 
through    360°,    and    continue    until    the    movement    is 
changed.     This  is  a  valuable  movement  for  teaching  the 
fours  to  wheel  together. 

'     (3)    Backward  wheeling: 

Any  of  the  above  may  be  executed  backward  by  insert- 
ing the  command,  Backward,  as,  1.  Fours  left  circle,  back- 
ward, 3.  March,  or,  1.  Fours  right,  backward,  3.  March. 
The  same  principles  apply  as  for  forward  wheeling,  i.e., 
the  individual  turns  to  the  right  or  left  as  commanded. 

(4)  Wheeling  around  center  pivot: 

Wheeling  around  the  center  as  a  pivot  may  be  executed 
by  preceding  any  of  the  above  commands  by  the  caution, 
Around  center  pivot,  as,  1.  Around  center  pivot.  Fours 
right,  2.  March,  or,  1.  Around  center  pivot.  Fours  right 
circle,  3.  March. 

(5)  Being  in  line  at  a  halt,  to  turn  and  form  a  line  in  a 
new  direction: 

1.  Company  left  (or  right),  3.  March. 
"The  left  (or  right)  file  faces  to  the  left  (or  right). 
The  other  files  half  face  to  the  left  (or  right)  and  march- 
ing with  the  regular  step,  place  themselves  successively 
upon  the  alignment  established  by  the  left  (or  right)  file; 
all  dress  to  the  left  (or  right)  without  command.  The 
instructor  verifies  the  alignment  from  the  pivot  flank  and 
commands  front. "^     If  done  while  marching  or  marking 

(1)   Infantry  Drill  Regulations,  U.  S.  Army,  p.  51. 

26 


^ 


time  the  left   (or  right)    file  halts  at  command,   March, 
and  then  faces. 

(6)    Being  in  line  at  a  halt,  to  turn  and  march  in  line  in  a 
new  direction: 

1.  Left  (or  right)  turn,  2.  March,  3.  Forward, 
4.  March. 
"At  the  command,  March,  the  left  (or  right)  file 
marches  by  the  left  flank  in  short  steps;  the  other  men 
half  face  to  the  left,  and  moving  by  the  shortest  route, 
place  themselves  on  the  new  line,  when  they  take  up  the 
short  step.  As  soon  as  all  the  men  have  arrived. on  the 
line,  the  instructor  commands,  3.  Forward,  4.  March. 
Should  the  command.  Halt,  be  given  during  the  execution 
of  the  movement,  those  men  on  the  line  halt ;  the  other 
men  halt  on  arriving  in  line.  All  dress  toward  the  pivot. 
The  instructor  verifies  the  alignment  from  the  pivot  and 
commands  front.  The  movement  may  be  executed  while 
on  the  march  or  marking  time."^ 

Halting 

(1)  Marching,  to  come  to  a  halt: 
1.  Company,  2.  Halt. 
At  the  command,  Halt,  as  the  left  (or  right)  foot  is 
coming  to  the  floor,  advance  the  right  (or  left)  foot  one 
step;  the  left  (or  right)  foot  is  then  brought  up  and 
planted  smartly  by  the  side  of  the  right  (or  left)  foot. 
When  marking  time,  halt  on  two  counts  in  the  same 
manner  without  gaining  ground. 

(3)    Side  stepping,  to  come  to  a  halt : 
1;  Company,  2.  Halt. 
At  the  command,   Halt,  given  as  the   following  foot 
closes  up,  take  one  more  side  step  with  the  leading  foot 
and  halt  on  two  counts  as  in  marching  forward. 

(1)    Infantry   Drill   Regulations,  U.   S.  Army,  p.   52.      1904,   p.   46. 

27 


(3)    Marching,  or  marking  time,  to  face  and  come  to  a 
halt : 

1.  To  the  rear,  Company,  2.  Halt. 

1.  Right  face,  Company,  2.  Halt. 

1.  By  the  right  flank.  Company,  2.  Halt. 
This  command  is  executed  the  same  as  given  ( Par.  1 ) , 
doing  the  turn  to  the  right  (or  left)  in  the  regular  way. 
The  left  (or  right)  foot  is  advanced  one  step  and  the 
right  (or  left)  brought  up  and  planted  smartly  by  the 
side  of  the  left  (or  right).  Any  facing  may  be  substituted 
in  the  above  commands. 

Column  Movements 
Changing  Direction 

(1)  Being  in  column  of  files  at  a  halt,  or  marking  time,  to 
change  direction  and  march  forward : 

1.  Forward,  2.  Column  left  (or  right),  3.  March. 

At  the  command,  March,  the  leading  file  executes  the 
change  of  direction  as  indicated  by  the  command  by  a 
flank  movement  and  marches  forward  in  the  new  direc- 
tion, the  succeeding  files  wheeling  at  the  same  point  as 
the  first  and  following. 

Column  half  left  is  executed  in  the  same  way  turning 
through  an  angle  of  45°. 

(2)  Marching  in  a  column  of  files,  to  change  direction  to 
the  left  (or  right)  : 

1.  Column  left  (or  right),  2.  ]\Iarch. 
The  command,  March,  should  be  given  as  the  left  foot 
of  the  leader  strikes  the  floor ;  the  right  is  then  advanced, 
the  turn  of  90°  is  made  on  the  balls  of  both  feet  and 
the  left  foot  is  then  advanced  in  the  new  direction.  The 
reverse  is  observed  in  turning  to  the  right.  The  instructor 
should  have  this  taken  on  the  corners  of  the  gymnasium, 
toward  the  open  space  without  command. 

28 


(3)  Marching  in  column  of  twos  (or  fours),  to  change 
direction  to  the  left  (or  right)  : 

1.  Column  left  (or  right),  2.  March. 
At  the  command,  March,  the  leading  rank  of  twos  (or 
fours)  wheels  90°  to  the-  left  (or  right)  op  a  movable 
pivot,  the  pivot  man  taking  steps  of  ten  inches  in  quick 
time  and  twelve  inches  in  double  time,  gaining  ground 
forward,  so  as  to  clear  the  wheeling  point.  The  man  on 
the  marching  flank  maintains  the  full  step,  moving  on  the 
arc  of  a  circle  with  the  pivot  man  as  a  center;  the  men,  if 
a  four,  dress  on  the  marching  flank,  shorten  their  steps 
according  to  their  distance  from  it,  and  keep  their  inter- 
vals from  the  pivot.  Upon  completion  of  the  wheel,  the 
leading  rank  resumes  the  full  step,  and  succeeding  ranks 
wheel  upon  the  same  spot. 

(4)  Marching  in  column  of  files,  to  change  direction  and 
march  to  the  rear : 

].  Column  left  (or  right)  about,  "?.  IVIarch. 

Execute  column  left,  then  after  taking  one  step  execute 
column  left  again. 

(5)  Marching  in  column  of  twos  (or  fours),  to  change 
direction  and  march  to  the  rear : 

1.  Column  left  (or  right)   about,  'i.  March. 

"The  pivot  man  acts  as  a  movable  pivot  iii  this  case, 
turning  by  short  steps  through  half  a  small  circle  (twenty 
inches),  the  man  on  the  marching  flank  at  the  end  of  the 
lines  describing  the  large  circle  takes  regulation  steps,  the 
pivot  turning  slowly  to  face  around  with  him.  Having 
faced  in  the  opposite  direction,  the  head  of  the  column 
moves  ofif  in  the  new  direction,  each  succeeding  two  (or 
four)  wheeling  on  the  same  ground."^ 

(1)    Marching  for  Gymnastic  Use,  by  Halsted,  p.   12. 

29 


(6)  ]\Iarching  in  column  of  files  (twos,  threes  or  fours), 
to  march  in  oblique  and  to  resume  the  direct  march : 
1.  Left  (or  right)  oblique,  2.  March. 

At  the  command,  March,  each  man  half  faces  to  the 
side  indicated  by  the  command,  turning  on  the  balls  of 
both  feet,  at  the  same  time  stepping  off  in  the  new  direc- 
tion, keeping  his  shoulders  parallel  with  those  of  the  men 
at  his  side,  and  so  regulates  his  step  as  to  keep  a  line 
drawn  through  him  and  the  man  at  his  side  parallel  with 
such  a  line  drawn  when  marching  forward,  abreast.  The 
file  lines  from  front  to  rear  should  be  straight  and  parallel 
with  the  original  line  of  march. 

At  the  command.  Forward  march,  each  man  half  faces 
to  the  direction  from  which  he  turned  and  the  original 
direction  is  taken. 

Column  of  twos,  threes  or  fours  oblique  the  same  as 
described  above. 


\^ 


razE3D 

Forming  Line  from  Column 
With  change  of  direction 

(1)   Marching,  or  marking  time,  in  column  of  files,  to 
march  in  line : 

30 


f 


1.  By  the  left  (or  right)  flank,  2.  March. 
See  Par.  11,  Marching. 

(2)  Marching    or    marking    time,    in    cohimn    of    twos 

(threes  or  fours),  to  march  in  Hne  : 
1.  Twos  (threes  or  fours)  left,  2.  March. 
See  Par.  1,  Wheelings. 

(3)  Marching  in  column  of  files  (twos  or  fours),  to  form 
a  line  and  change  direction  : 

1.  On  left  (or  right)  into  line,  2.  March. 

"At  the  command,  March,  the  leading  file  (two  or  four) 
wheels  to  the  left  on  a  movable  pivot  and  moves  forward, 
dressing  to  the  left  (or  right)  ;  each  of  the  other  files 
(twos  or  fours)  marches  a  distance  equal  to  its  front,  be- 
yond the  wheeHng  point  of  the  file  (two  or  four)  next 
preceding,  wheels  to  the  left  (or  right)  and  advances  as 
explained  for  the  first  file  (two  or  four). 

"At  the  command,  Halt,  given  when  the  leading  four 
has  advanced  a  short  distance  in  the  new  direction,  it 
halts  and  dresses  to  the  left  (or  right)  ;  the  other  fours 
halt  and  dress  as  they  arrive  in  line. 


i  '   '  '  a  r   r  I  ■   t   I  I  ■  ■  j-^ 
'  ■  «  • 


>^ ^ 


am 


-tax 


X=3 


31 


"The  command,  Front,  is  given  when  the  last  four  has 
come  into  line  and  dressed."^ 

In  case  ]\Iark  time  is  given  the  men  do  not  dress,  but 
simply  guide  right. 

This  may  also  be  executed  in  double  time. 

Without  change  of  direction 

(1)   Marching  in  column  of  files  (twos  or  fours),  to  form 
a  line  without  change  of  direction : 

1.  Left  front  into  line,  2.  March. 
"At  the  command,   March,   the  leading  file    (twos   or 
fours)  moves  straight  to  the  front,  guiding  to  the  right: 
the  other  files   (twos  or  fours)   oblique  to  the  left  until 

(1)    Infantry  Drill  Regulations,  U.  S.  Army,  p.  74.     1904,  p.  71. 

m    1    1  ■  I   [  1  II  I  I  I  t  if-n 


I 


r  !  »  I  I 


I  I  1   M 


* 


I  M    I    I 


(■  I  \   I   » 


ri  I  I  t 


n  M  I 


«  '   '  '  ' 


32 


opposite  their  places  in  the  line,  when  each  marches  to 
the  front.  At  the  command,  Halt,  given  when  the  lead- 
ing file  (two  or  four)  has  advanced  company  distance, 
it  halts  and  dresses  to  the  right,  the  other  files  (twos  or 
fours)  halt  and  dress  to  the  right  upon  arriving  in  the 
line.  The  command,  Front,  is  given  when  the  last  file 
(two  or  four)  completes  its  dressing. 

"If  marching  in  double  or  quick  time,  the  director  com- 
mands. Guide  right,  immediately  after  the  command, 
March ;  the  leading  file  moves  to  the  front  in  quick  time, 
the  others  oblique  in  double  time,  each  taking  the  quick 
time  and  guiding  to  the  right  upon  arriving  in  Hne."^ 

The  movement  would  be  executed  in  the  same  manner 
for  columns  of  twos,  fours  or  eights. 

Forming  Column  from  Column 

WitJi  change  of  direction 

(1)  Marching  in  column  of  files  counted  off  in  triple  ones 
and  triple  twos,  to  form  column  of  threes  by  a  flank 
movement : 

1.  By  the  left    (or   right)    flank   form   threes,   2. 

March. 
1.  Column  left  (or  right)   form  threes,  2.  March. 

At  the  command,  March,  the  first  set  of  ones  executes 
left  flank  (or  right)  as  indicated  by  the  command  and 
steps  off  in  the  new  direction ;  the  first  set  of  twos  con- 
tinues to  march  up  until  it  can  execute  left  (or  right) 
flank  on  the  same  ground  as  the  first  set  of  ones,  and 
having  executed  the  flank  movement  it,  too,  steps  off 
in  the  new  direction,  following  the  first  set  of  ones.  This 
is  repeated  until  the  whole  column  of  files  is  converted 
into  a  column  of  threes.  This  movement  may  also  be 
executed  from  a  halt,  or  marking  time. 

(1)   Infantry  Drill  Regulations,  U.  S.  Army,  p.  76.      1904,  p.   71. 

33 


(2)   Marching  in  column  of  files  counted  off  in  fours,  to 
form  a  column  of  fours  by  a  flank  movement : 

1.  By    the   left    (or   right)    flank  form    fours,    2. 
March. 
Executed  as  in  Par.  3,  page  21,  except  that  the  vmit  is 
now  a  set  of  fours. 

■^^    '■'''■''   I   I  I   I   i  J 


czz 


«  I 

n  1  L3  Y 


' '  »  ■  ■ 


(3)  Marching  in  column  of   fours,  to   form  column  of 
files  by  a  flank  movement : 

1.  By  the  left  (or  right)   flank  in  file,  2.  March. 
This  is  executed  the  same  as  the  command  to  form 
fours  by  the  left  (or  right)  flank  above. 

(4)  Marching  in  column  of  twos,  to  change  direction  and 
form  column  of  fours  : 

1.  Column  left  (or  right)  form  fours,  2.  March. 
'At  the  command,  March,  the  first  two  sets  of  twos  exe- 
cute twos  left  (or  right)  and  march  to  the  front ;  the  next 
two  sets  of  twos  continue  to  march  until  they  can  execute 
twos  left  upon  the  same  grovmd  as  did  the  first  two  sets 
of  twos ;  this  is  continued  until  the  column  of  twos  is 
converted  into  a  column  of  fours. ^ 

(1)    Worked  out  by  A.  L.  Fish,  Fellow,  '99-00,  at  Y.  M.  C.  A.  College. 

34 


'ilVJ 


A   , 


(5)   Marching  in  column  of  fours,  to  form  a  column  of 
twos  and  change  direction  : 

1.  "Column  left  (or  right)  form  twos,  2.  March. 
At  the  command,  March,  each  set  of  twos  in  the  first 
four  wheels  to  the  left  (or  right)  and  marches  to  the 
front.  Each  succeeding  four  marches  up  to  the  point  and 
its  twos  wheel  as  in  the  case  of  the  first,  thus  converting 
the  column  of  fours  into  a  column  of  twos. 


1^1  I'-j 


■  '  ■  '  ' 


^ 


t   I    M    I 


I   I   I    I    I 


35 


Without  change  of  direction 

(1)  Marching  in  column  of  files,  counted  off  in  triple 
ones  and  twos,  to  form  column  of  threes  without 
changing  direction : 

1.  Form  threes,  left  (or  right)  oblique,  2.  March. 
At  the  command,  March,  the  leading  man  in  each  three 
marks  time ;  the  rear  men  oblique  in  the  direction  com- 
manded until  they  uncover  the  forward  man,  when  they 
move  to  the  front.  The  three  being  formed,  the  regula- 
tion step  is  resumed. 

(2)  Marching  in  column  of  files  counted  oft  in  tw'os  or 
fours,  to  form  twos  or  fours  without  change  of  direc- 
tion : 

1.  Form  twos   (or  fours)  left  oblique,  2.  March. 

At  the  command,  March,  numbers  one  and  three  mark 
time  until  numbers  two  and  four  have  obliqued  to  their 
sides,  respectively,  in  the  direction  commanded,  when 
the  march  is  resumed  by  tw^os.  In  case  of  fours,  num- 
ber one  marks  time  until  numbers  two,  three  and  four 
have  obliqued  to  his  side,  when  the  march  is  resumed  by 
fours. 

Column  of  fours  is  formed  from  column  of  twos  in  the 
same  manner. 

The  movement  may  be  executed  backward  by  the  com- 
mand, 1.  Form  twos  (or  fours)  backward,  left  oblique, 
2.  March.  The  leading  one  (or  two)  obliques  to  the  left 
in  half  steps  and  the  rear  one  (or  two)  marches  straight 
ahead,  forming  the  two  (or  four)  when  the  regular 
cadence  is  taken  up. 

(3)  Marching  in  column  of  twos  (threes  or  fours),  to 
form  column  of  files : 

1.  Left  (or  right)  by  files,  2.  March. 
At   the    command,    March,    the    left    (or    right)    man 
moves  forward,  the  other  marking  time  till  disengaged, 

36 


when  he  obhques  into  hne  behind  the  other  to  form  col- 
umn of  files  or  single  column.  Each  man  must  regulate 
his  step  so  as  to  keep  closed  as  nearly  as  possible  to  facing 
distance. 

The  movement  may  be  executed  with  the  men  passing 
forward  into  file  by  commanding,  1.  Left  by  files,  passing 
forward,  2.  March.  The  man  on  the  left  marks  time  and 
the  others  oblique  to  the  left  into  file,  the  last  man  keep- 
ing the  regular  cadence. 

(4)  Marching  in  column  of  fours,  to  form  a  column  of 
twos : 

1.  Left  (or  right)  by  twos,  2.  March. 

"At  the  command,  March,  the  two  on  the  side  indicated 
in  the  command  move  straight  forward,  the  remaining 
two  mark  time  till  disengaged,  when  they  oblique  into 
their  place  behind  the  others ;  the  march  is  then  resumed 
in  column  of  twos." 

As  above  (Par.  3)  may  also  be  executed  passing  for- 
ward. 

(5)  The  above  movements  may  be  executed  by  a  facing, 
instead  of  obliquing  by  the  commands  •} 

A.     From  files. 

1.  Form  fours,  right  face  following,  3.  March. 

(1)   School  Tactics,  Spalding  Athletic  Library,  No.  234,  p.   51. 


I 

I 
I 

37 


1.  Form  fours,  right  face  following,  passing  for- 
ward, 2.  March. 


4'       3       z. 


4- 


E.     From  fours. 

1.  Right  by  file,  right  face  following,  2.  ]\Iarch. 


^        Oi       N> 


K) 


Co 


;2.  Right  by  file,-  right  face  following  passing  for- 
ward, 2.  March. 


38 


STATE  h:;ii:>?AL  SCHOOL 

MAHUAL  ART  .  ^•'•.1  »OlAi.   E;*yNOMi' 

SANTA  BA.-<-)M{.\,  CALIfORNlA 


3 


(6)  The  above  movements  may  also  be  executed  by  an 
evading  movement.^ 

A.  From  files. 

1.  Form  fours,  evading  right,  2.  March. 
Executed  as  in  the  second  drawing  for  No.  5  A,  passing 
forward,  the  first  men  here  side  stepping  and  all  taking  up 
the  forward  march  as  the  last  man  arrives. 

B.  From  fours. 

1.  Right  by  file  evading,  2.  March. 
Executed  as  in  the  first  drawing  for  No.  5  B,  the  pupils 
side  stepping  while  the  leading  numbers  take  up  half  step, 
resuming  the  full  step  as  the  file  is  formed. 

(7)  The    movements    may    also    be    executed    by    right 
angles. - 

A.     From  files. 

1.  Form  fours  right,  by  right  angles,  2.  March. 
Number   one   marks   time,   two,   three   and    four    face 
right,  take  as  many  steps   forward  as  they  are  number 

(1)  School  Tactics,   Spalding  Athletic   Library,  No.   234,  p.   54. 

(2)  School  Tactics,   Spalding  Athletic   Library,   No.   234,   p.   52. 

39 


in  line,  execute  left  face  and  march  into  line,  the  four 
resuming  the  march. 


2- 
3. 

4, 


J 


.J 


B.     From  fours. 

1.  Right  by  file,  by  right  angles,  2.  ]\Iarch. 

Number  one  marks  time,  two,  three  and  four  take  as 
many  steps  forward  as  they  are  number  in  line,  face  right, 
step  to  the  file  line,  and  face  left,  the  whole  four  stepping 
forward  in  file. 


r 


Co 


N 


>^        OO         N 


40 


(8)  The  above  movements  may  also  be  executed  by 
encircling  forward  or  backward  either  from  four  to 
four,  file  to  file,  or  four  to  file,  or  vice  versa. 

A.     From  fours. 

1.  Right   by    file,    encircling    forward    (backward), 
2.  March. 


B.  From  file. 

1.  Form  fours  encircling  right  (or  left),  2.  March. 
Executed  as  above  in  the  reverse  direction. 

C.  From  four  to  four. 

1.  Fours    reverse    right    (left)    encircling    forward 
(backward),  2.  March. 


X      "^       "V 


4       3 


3      4- 


41 


D.     From  file  to  file. 


1.  Fours  reverse  forward   (backward)   encircling 
right  (left),  2.  March. 


Columns  Uniting  and  Separating 

(1)   Column  of  files  marching  down  the  center  of   the 
%J  gymnasium,  to  form  two  columns  of  files : 

*  1.  Ones,  2.  Column  left  and  right,  alternating,  3. 

March. 

The  first  man  executes  column  left,  the  second  column 
right,  the  third  column  left,  and  so  on,  until  the  entire 
company  is  divided  into  two  columns  of  files,  marching 
around  the  outside  of  the  gymnasium.  A  column  of  twos, 
threes  or  fours  may  be  divided  into  two  columns  of  twos, 

42 


\-^ 


1  7     I     I    I     l-T-T-l 


D 


-'I  I  r  M  i  I  I  T 


threes  or  fours  in  the  same  manner,  by  changing  the  com- 
mand to  twos,  threes  or  fours,  instead  of  ones,  as  the  case 
may  be.  If  it  is  desired  to  have  the  two  columns  of  files 
march  back  down  the  center  of  the  gymnasium,  the  com- 
mand should  be.  Column  left  and  right  about,  alternating. 

(2)  Two  columns  of  files  (twos  or  fours)  marching 
toward  each  other  at  the  end  of  a  gymnasium,  to 
form  a  column  of  files  (twos  or  fours)  : 

1.  Column  left  and  right,  alternating,  2.  March. 
At  the  command,  March,  the  leading  file  (two  or  four) 
wheels  to  the  left  or  right  as  found  in  Par.  (1),  page  27, 
the  second  file  (two  or  four),  which  is  the  leading  file 
(two  or  four)  of  one  column,  immediately  following  the 
first  file  (two  or  four)  making  its  turn  as  nearly  as  possi- 
ble on  the  same  ground  as  did  the  first  file  (two  or 
four)  ;  this  alternating  of  files  (twos  or  fours)  is  repeated 
until  the  two  columns  have  been  converted  into  one 
column. 

43 


>m- 


31; 


'•III    I   I   I  I  t-      J  '    '  '  '   '    '    I   ' 


k — ^^ 


n    '    I    '    ' 


X3' 


<i «« 


>^>» "> 


1— r~> 


m 


(3)  Two  columns  of  files  (twos  or  fours)  marching 
toward  each  other  at  the  end  of  a  gymnasium,  to 
form  a  column  of  twos  (fours  or  eights)  : 

1.  Columns  left  and  right  form  twos    (fours  or 
eights),  3.  March. 
This  movement  is  executed  the  same  as    (3)    above, 
except  that  the  men  do  not  alternate,  so  forming  a  column 
of  twos  (fours  or  eights). 

(4)  Marching  down  the  center  of  the  gymnasium  in  col- 
umn of  twos  (fours  or  eights),  to  form  two  columns 
of  files  (twos  or  fours),  marching  around  outside  of 
gymnasium : 

1.  Ones  (twos  or  fours),  3.  Column  left  and  right, 

3.  March. 

This  movement  is   executed  the  same  as    (1)    above, 

except  that  there  is  no  alternating,  the  first  set  of  twos 

simply  wheeling  apart,  one  file  (two  or  four)  going  left 

and  one  right  at  the  command,  March. 


44 


Maneuvers  by  Fours,  Eights,  etc. 

(1)   Being  in  line  at  a  halt,  or  marking  time,  to  march  in 
column  of  fours  to  the  front : 

1.  Left  (or  right)   forward  fours  left  (or  right), 
2.  March. 

"At  the  command,  March,  the  left  (or  right)  four 
moves  to  the  front,  shortening  the  first  three  or  four 
steps,  the  other  fours  wheel  to  the  left,  each  on  a  fixed 
pivot,  the  second  four,  when  its  wheel  is  two-thirds  com- 
pleted, wheels  to  the  right  on  a  moval^le  pivot  and  follows 
the  first,  the  other  fours  having  wheeled  to  the  left  move 
forward  and  each  wheels  to  the  right  on  a  movable  pivot 
to  follow  the  second."^ 

(1)    Marching  for  Gymnastic  Use,  by  Halsted,  p.  23. 


\.\\     1     3 

I 

I 

I 

^-  '    '    '     ' 


r  I    I  'i  -1    I    I    t   '■    1    I    I    t    t    r-r-> 


A\ 


45 


(2)   Marching  in  column  of  fours,  to  wheel  to  the  left  (or 
right)  and  march  to  the  front  in  column  of  fours : 

a.  1.  Fours  left  (or  right),  2.  Left  (or  right)  for- 
ward fours  left  (or  right),  3.  March. 

At  the  command,  ]\Iarch,  the  fours  execute  fours  left 
(or  right)  (Par.  1,  Wheehngs)  ;  the  left  (or  right)  set 
of  fours  marches  straight  to  the  front,  the  remaining  fours 
upon  coming  into  line,  wheel  to  the  left  (or  right)  and 
follow  the  first  set  of  fours  as  prescribed  in  left  (or  right) 
forward  fours  left  (or  right)   (Par.  1). 


i^ 
H 


1  I    I   I   I 


tri      M      1 


^*       L      ■      ' 


:v,-^:--% 


J 


yip^ 


;] ,/'/ 


b.  1.  Fours  left  (or  right),  2.  Right  (or  left)  for- 
ward fours  right  (or  left),  3.  March. 

The  same  principles  apply  for  this  as  for  (a).  It  will 
be  noticed,  however,  that  this  movement  keeps  the  original 
leading  four  still  at  the  head  of  the  column,  whereas  in 
(a)  the  rear  four  becomes  the  head  of  the  column,  (b) 
this  makes  a  pretty  variation  from  (a). 


46 


/.■ 


I  I  I 


, \  Yi  ii 


-'■'/ 


y^ ^ 


(3)  Marching  in  column  of  fours,  to  wheel  to  the  left  (or 
right)  and  march  by  the  left  (or  right)  flank  by 
twos : 

1.  Fours  left  (or  right),  2.  Twos  left  (or  right), 

3.  March. 

At  the  command,  March,  the  company  executes  fours 

left  (or  right)    (Par.  1,  Wheelings).     Upon  coming  into 

line  twos  left  (or  right)   is  executed,  forming  a  column 

of  twos.     Any  form  of  wheeling  may  be  thus  combined. 


(4)   Marching  in  line  or  column  of  fours,  to  execute  any 
wheeling  preceded  or  followed  by  any  facing. 
Make    the   proper    combination    of    commands    and 
execute  as  described  under  the  separate  heads,  as : 
1.  Right  face,  fours  left,  2.  March. 
1.  Fours  left,  by  the  left  flank,  2.  March. 
1.  Fours  left,  about  face,  sideward  right,  2.  March. 
Any  movement  of  this  sort  may  be  executed  according 
to  the  desire  or  ingenuity  of  the  instructor. 

47 


(5)  Marching  in  line,  to  form  a  line  of  fours  in  column 
of  files  and  march  in  the  same  direction : 

a.  ].  Fours,  right  (or  left)  by  file,  2.  March. 
The  file  on  the  right  (or  left)  of  each  set  of  fours  com- 

tinues  to  march  straight  to  the  front.    The  others  oblique 
and  form  a  column  of  files. 

To  form  in  line  again : 

b.  1.  F'orm  fours  left  (or  right)  oblique,  2.  March. 
The  leading  man   in  each   column   shortens   his   steps 

until  the  files  in  the  rear  come  up  on  the  line,  when  the 
company  takes  up  the  full  step  guiding  right. 

To  execute  above  forming  forward  instead  of  obliquing 
in  behind : 

1.  Fours,  right  by  file,  form  forward,  2.  March. 

(6)  Marching   in   line   of    fours   in   column   of   files,   to 
reverse  the  four  forward  or  backward  : 

1.  Fours  reverse  forward  (or  backward),  passing 
left  (or  right),  2.  March. 
At  the  command,  March,  the  leading  man  marks  time, 
while  the  others  pass  forward  on  the  side  indicated  and 
take  the  same  relative  positions  in  front,  the  last  man 
keeping  the  regular  cadence.  In  executing  the  movement 
backward,  the  three  leading  men  step  slightly  sideward 
and  mark  time  until  the  man  immediately  behind  them 
has  passed  and  then  fall  into  position.  If  done  from  a 
halt,  the  halt  is  resumed  upon  completing  the  movement. 

(7)  Being  in  line  at  a  halt,  marking  time  or  marching,  to 
reverse  the  four  sideward  : 

1.  Fours  reverse  right  (or  left),  passing  forward 
(or  backward),  2.  March. 
At  the  command,  March,  the  man  on  the  right  (or  left) 
remains  in  position ;  the  other  three  pass  across  in  front 
or  behind  as  indicated  and  take  their  same  relative  posi- 
tion, facing  forward.     If  marching,  the  man  on  the  end 

48 


marks  time  and  upon  completing  the  movement  the  march 
is  resumed. 

(8)  Marching  in  hne  of  fours  in  cohimn  of  files,  to  form 
a  column  of  files,  changing  direction : 

1.  Fours  column  right  (or  left),  2.  March. 
Each  four  executes  column  right. 

Also  marching  in  column  of  liles  to  form  a  line  of  fours 
in  column  of  files,  changing  direction. 

1.  Fours  column  right  (or  left),  2.  March. 

(9)  Marching  in  column  of  files,  to  form  on  right  into 
line  of  fours  in  column  of  files : 

1.  On  right  into  line  of  fours  in  column  of  files, 

Fours  column  right,  2.  March. 

The    first    four    executes    column    right,    the    second 

marches  by  and  executes  column  right,  and  so  on,  the 

company  halting  or  marking  time  at  the  command  of  the 

instructor. 

(10)  Marching  in  line  of  fours  in  column  of  files,  to 
form  a  column  of  files  from  the  right,  changing 
direction : 

1.  Form  column  of  files  from  the  right.  Fours 
column  left,  2.  March. 
The  right  four  executes  column  left,  the  others  marking 
time   and    falling   into   position   as   the    column   of    files 
marches  by. 

(11)  Marching  in  column  of  fours,  to  close  up: 

1.  Close  in  mass,  2.  March. 
At  the  command,  March,  the  leading  four  marks  time, 
the  other  fours  close  up  to  facing  distance  and  mark 
time.  The  march  is  resumed  at  the  command,  1.  For- 
ward, 2.  March.  Any  of  the  flaiik  movements,  to  the 
rear,  obliques,  etc.,  may  be  executed  in  this  formation. 

49 


(12)  'The  column  of  fours  having  closed  in  mass,  to  take 
full  distance : 

1.  Take  full  distance,  2.  Forward,  3.  March. 

The  leading  fours  move  off  in  full  step  at  the  command, 
March.  The  last  fours  mark  time  and  move  forward  in 
half  steps  until  they  have  gained  full  distance,  in  col- 
umn of  fours. 


(13)   Marching  in  column  of  eights,  to  close  to  distance 
of  fours : 

1.  Close  to  distance  of  fours,  2.  March. 

At  the  command,  March,  the  leading  fours  take  half 
steps.  As  soon  as  the  rear  fours  have  closed  sufiEciently 
the  instructor  commands,  Forward,  March. 


(14)   Marching  in  column  of  fours,  to  bring  the  rear  sets 
of  fours  to  the  front,  without  change  of  direction: 

1.  Rear  fours  in  front,  2.  Fours  left  and  right 
wheel,  3.  March. 

The  fours  should  be  numbered  off  by  twos.  At  the 
command,  March,  the  fours  numbered  one  execute  a 
two-thirds  of  a  circle  to^the  left  on  movable  pivot,  those 
numbered  two  execute  two-thirds  of  a  circle  to  the  right, 
and  mark  time,  thus  forming  a  lane  the  width  of  a  set  of 
fours  ;  the  last  set  of  fours  completes  the  full  circle  and 
marches  down  the  lane  thus  formed ;  each  set  of  fours 
falls  in  behind  the  rear  set  of  fours,  which  is  now  to  be 
at  the  head  of  the  column,  as  soon  as  it  has  passed. 
This  brings  the  fours  that  were  at  the  rear  to  the  front 
of  the  column. 

•    .  50 


f  i  I  j  J 


I  i  I  I 


^- 


fi) 


/"• 


c 


TT 


i    I    M 


Jin 


^•■ 


^*N?< 


51 


^^h^ 


(15)  Marching  in  column  of  fours,  to  bring  the  rear  set 
of  fours  to  the  front  and  back  to  the  rear  again 
without  change  of  direction : 

1.  Rear  fours  front  and  rear,  2.  Fours  left  and 
right  wheel,  3.  March. 
This  is  simply  a  continuation  of  Par.  14.  As  soon  as 
the  rear  four  has  marched  through  the  lane,  to  the  front, 
it  wheels  to  the  left ;  the  second  four  marches  through 
and  wheels  to  the  right.  The  original  leading  four  finally 
marches  through  and  does  not  wheel ;  the  other  fours 
wheel  in  together,  so  resuming  their  original  order.  This 
movement  requires  considerable  space,  and  will  probably 
only  be  useful  for  fancy  marching  with  a  comparatively 
small  company. 

(16)  Marching  in  column  of  eights,  to  bring  the  rear  sets 
of  eights  to  the  front  without  changing  direction : 

1.  Rear  eights  in  front,  2.  Fours  left  and  right 
wheel,  3.  March. 
At  the  command,  March,  the  fours  of  all  the  eights 
wheel  to  the  left  and  right,  as  indicated,  except  the  last 
set,  which  marches  straight  to  the  front.  As  it  passes, 
the  other  fours  wheel  in,  reforming  their  eight,  and  follow 
down  through  the  lane,  so  reversing  the  order  of  the 
eights. 

(17)  Marching  in  columns  of  eights,  to  bring  the  rear  set 
of  eights  to  the  front  and  back  to  the  rear  again 
without  changing  direction : 

1.  Rear  eights  front  and  rear,  2.  Fours  left  and 
right  wheel,  3.  March. 
.This   is   a   continuation   of    Par.    16.      The   last   eight, 
after  marching  through,   wheels  by   fours   as   indicated, 
and  the  original  leading  eight  marches  through  and  be- 
comes the  head  of  the  column. 

53 


«- '  '  ji  ■  t  '  '  ^ 


'      I       '       '       ■      '       '      ' 


I       I       I       ■     ■       '       ^-^ 


53 


(18)  Marching  down  the  center  of  the  gymnasium  in  col- 
umn of  eights,  to  form  two  Hues,  marching  out- 
ward : 

1.  Fours  left  and  right,  2.  March. 
At  the  command,  March,  the  fours  of  each  eight  wheel 
to  the  left  and  right,  as  designated,  as  if  simply  in  a 
column  of  fours.  Upon  completing  the  wheel  the  march 
outward  is  taken  up,  guiding  right  without  closing  in. 
The  movement  may  of  course  be  executed  from  column 
of  twos  or  fours,  but  it  looks  best  when  executed  from 
eights.  It  is  well  then  to  have  had  the  eights  close  up 
to  distance  of  fours.     (See  Par.  13.) 


■^ 


mt 

-11  1  1 

TT 

J — 1 

* 

cm 

»  1 
-f  1  11. 

->i- 

»  ' 


,,y/k- 


y*^ 


(19)   Two  lines  marching  toward  each  other  at  the  center 
of  the  gymnasium,  to  form  a  column  of  eights : 
1.  Fours  left  and  right  form  eights,  2.  March. 
The  instructor  should  be  careful  to  give  the  command 


54 


in  time.  It  is  a  movement  that  often  causes  confusion, 
as  the  men  persist  in  forgetting  which  way  they  should 
go.  It  is,  however,  a  very  pretty  movement  when  exe- 
cuted properly.  Confusion  may  be  avoided  if  the  leader 
will  be  careful  to  remember  himself  which  is  the  head 
of  his  column,  and  make  it  the  general  practice  to  give  the 
command  which  he  wishes  that  four  to  do,  right  or  left, 
as  the  case  may  be,  first.  He  can  then  form  the  two  lines 
from  the  column  of  eights,  march  them  to  the  side  of  the 
gymnasium,  bring  them  back  by  giving,  "To  the  rear,"  or 
"Fours  left  and  right  about,"  and  reform  the  column  of 
eights  in  the  center  of  the  gymnasium.  In  general  prac- 
tice, however,  it  is  often  found  simpler  to  make  an  arbi- 
trary ruling  that  the  fours  shall  always  wheel  so  as  to 
march  toward  a  certain  end  of  the  gymnasium  when  com- 
ing together  in  the  center  and  wheel  toward  the  other  end 
of  the  gymnasium  at  the  sides,  or  that  they  shall  continue 
to  wheel  in  the  same  direction  as  when  they  first  wheeled 
outward. 


>V»- 


\    • 

,1  '   I    111    1    1  J. 


\\  \  \   vv  \    \  \   \ 


\     $ 

C.I     1      It      I      I     I    V 


<~      (((C 


55 


• .  I       ....       \ 

I  I  M  "I  II  Mil  nrjk  f»  ■  '  -^ 


I    I   I   I    1    II    I   I   1  ^  -i-i— I    r   I    I   I    I 

cm   r  I  I.  I  i..gr3  C3i3...cx3=i=\..c=i=3 

>  /     \.  '  ^  '    ^  ' 

(20)   Marching  down  the  center  of  the  g}^mnasium  in 
cokimn  of  eights,  to  march  the  fours  to  the  rear : 
1.  Fours,  2.  Left  and  right  about,  3.  March. 
At  the  command,  March,  the  fours  wheel  outward,  as 
designated,  through  an  arc  of   180°,  just  as  if  execut- 
ing  fours   left    (or  right)    about.     The  eight  may   then 

56 


I 


CO 


I .-.         \  ■•  . 

I    M   I    I  III    I  ■  I   DP    1   ^   »    M 


rnzr 


xi 


1 


I  a  n 


ti  im 


♦  ,•  _  «• 


e^-'«^ 


be  reformed  by  the  command,  1.  Fours,  2.  Left  and  right 
about,  3.  Form  eights,  4.  March.  Or,  if  desired,  each 
column  of  fours  may  now  be  divided  into  two  cohimns 
of  twos  by  the  command,  1.  Twos,  2.  Left  and  right 
about,  3.  March.  The  fours  may  then  be  reformed  by 
the  command,  1.  Twos,  2.  Left  and  right  about,  3.  Form 
fours,  4.  March ;  or  the  columns  of  twos  may  be  divided 

57 


into  columns  of  files  by  the  command  as  above,  1.  Ones, 
2.  Left  and  right  about,  3.  March. 

It  makes  a  nice  series  to  form  the  files  from  eights  in 
this  way  and  then  gradually  reform  the  eights. 

(21)  Marching  down  the  center  of  the  gymnasium  in 
column  of  eights,  to  march  the  columns  of  fours 
to  the  rear : 

1.  Fours,  2.  Column  left  and  right  about,  3. 
March. 
This  is  just  the  same  movement  as  the  above  (Par.  20), 
except  that  here  the  movement  is  done  in  column,  where 
before  the  fours  wheeled.  This  is  capable  of  the  same 
variations  as  the  above,  the  commands  being  exactly  the 
same,  except  for  the  insertion  of  the  word  "column." 

(22)  Marching  in  column  of  eights,  counted  ofif  in  fours 
or  eights,  to  march  half  the  men  to  the  rear : 

1.  Odd  (even)  numbers,  2.  To  the  rear,  3. 
March. 
The  odd  numbers  execute  "to  the  rear"  in  the  ordinary 
way.  In  this  manner  the  company  may  be  counter- 
marched back  and  forth,  producing  a  very  pretty  effect. 
The  column  of  eights  is  reformed  as  the  squads  counter- 
march by  giving  one  of  them  "to  the  rear"  at  the  proper 
time. 


58 


Marching  in  Double  Rank 

Practically  all  the  movements  of  single  rank  marching 
may  be  executed  in  double  rank,  and  are  executed  in  the 
same  way.  A  file  here  means  two  men,  the  front  and  rear 
rank  man.  Most  of  the  difficulty  of  double  rank  marching 
may  be  overcome  if  the  instructor  will  simply  impress  upon 
his  men  the  fact  that  the  rear  rank  man  ahvays  follows  his 
front  rank  man.  When  marching  in  column  the  rear  rank 
should  fall  back  to  forty-four  inches,  and  close  up  to  facing 
distance  of  sixteen  inches  whenever  the  fours  wheel  into 
line.  Only  those  movements  will  be  mentioned  here  which 
need  to  be  especially  described  for  a  double  rank.  Other- 
wise, the  usual  command,  and  explanation  for  single  rank 
marching  will  be  understood  to  apply. 

(1)  Being  in  column  of  files,  to  form  double  rank: 

1.  In  two  ranks  form  company,  2.  March. 
"At  the  command,  March,  the  man  in  front  faces  to 
the  left,  the  second  man  places  himself  in  the  rear  rank, 
covering  the  man  in  front ;  the  remaining  men  close  and 
form  alternately  in  the  front  and  rear  rank,  each  facing 
to  the  front  upon  arriving  in  his  place."^ 

(2)  Being  in  doul)le  rank  at  a  halt,  to  count  off  in  fours: 

1.  Count,  2.  Fours. 
Executed  just  as   in  single  rank,  the  rear  rank  man 
calling  the  same  number  as  the  man  in  front  of  him. 

(3)  Marching  in  column  of   fours,  to  change  direction 
and  march  to  the  rear : 

1.  Fours  left  (or  right)  about,  2.  March. 
"At    the    command,    March,    each    four    wheels    180° 
to  the  left   (or  right),  as  prescribed  for  fours  left   (or 

(1)    Infantry  Drill  Regulations,  U.   S.   Army,  p.   65.     1904,  p.   63. 

59 


right).  The  man  on  the  marching  flank  of  the  rear  rank 
of  each  four  preserves  his  distance,  the  man  on  the  pivot 
flank  closes  up  to  his  file  leader,  covers  him  during  the 
wheel,  and  on  its  completion  falls  back  to  his  proper 
distance."^ 

(4)  Marching  in  column  of   fours,  to   form  column  of 
twos: 

1.  Left  (or  right)  by  twos,  2.  March. 

"At  the  first  command  the  rear  rank  of  each  four 
closes  to  facing  distance,  at  the  command,  March,  the  two 
files  on  the  left  of  each  four  move  forward ;  the  two 
files  on  the  right  mark  time  till  disengaged,  when  they 
oblique  to  the  right  and  follow  the  left  files. "- 

"The  distance  between  ranks  in  column  of  twos  is  fac- 
ing distance." 

(5)  Marching  in  column  of   fours,  to   form  column  of 
files  without  change  of  direction  : 

1.  Left  (or  right)  by  files,  2.  March. 
"At  the  first  command,  the  rear  rank  of  each  four 
closes  to  facing  distance ;  at  the  command,  March,  the 
left  file  of  the  leading  four  moves  forward,  followed  in 
succession  by  the  files  on  its  right ;  when  the  right  file  of 
the  leading  four  is  about  to  commence  to  oblique,  the  left 
file  of  the  second  four  moves  to  the  front  and  so  on  to 
the  rear  of  the  column,  the  men  keeping  closed  as  nearly 
as  possible  to  facing  distance."^ 

(6)  Marching  in  column  of   fours,  to   form  a  line  and 
march  by  the  left  (or  right)  flank: 

1.  Fours  left  (or  right),  2.  March. 
"At  the  command,  March,  the  fours  wheel  to  the  left, 
the  rear  rank  of  each  four  closes  to  facing  distance  dur- 
ing the  wheel,  and  if  in  double  time,  takes  the  distance  of 

(1)  Infantry  Drill  Regulations,  U.  S.  Army,  p.  74.      1904,  p.  47. 

(2)  Infantry  Drill  Regulations,  U.   S.  Army,  pp.   78,   79.      1904,  p.   45. 

(3)  Infantry  Drill  Regulations,  U.  S.  Army,  pp.  78,  79.      1904,  p.  45. 

60 


thirty-six  inches,  should  the  hne  advance  on  the  comple- 
tion of  the  wheel. 

"The  guide  is  announced  or  the  command,  Halt,  is 
given,  the  instant  the  fours  unite  in  line."^ 

(7)   Marching  in  double  rank,  to  march  by  the  flank  in 
column  of  fours : 

1.  Fours  left  (or  right),  3.  March. 

"At  the  command,  March,  the  front  rank  of  each  four 
wheels  90°  to  the  left  on  a  fixed  pivot,  the  pivot 
man  turning  strictly  in  his  place ;  the  man  on  the 
marching  flank  maintains  the  full  step,  moving  on  the 
arc  of  a  circle  with  the  pivot  man  as  a  center ;  the  men 
dress  on  the  marching. flank,  shorten  the  steps  according 
to  their  distance  from  it,  and  keep  their  intervals  from 
the  pivot. 

"The  rear  rank  men  cover  their  file  leaders  and  con- 
form to  their  movements.  Upon  the  completion  of  the 
wheel,  the  front  rank  of  each  four  takes  the  full  step, 
marching  in  a  direction  parallel  to  the  former  front  rank 
of  the  company ;  the  rear  rank  shortens  the  step  until  it 
gains  the  distance  of  forty-four  inches ;  the  front  rank 
of  the  second  four  is  forty-four  inches  from  the  rear 
rank  of  the  first  four,  and  so  on  to  the  rear  of  the 
column. "2 

(1)  Infantry  Drill  Regulations,  U.   S.  Army,  p.  74.      1904,  p.  46. 

(2)  Infantry  Drill  Regulations,  U.   S.  Army,  pp.  69,  70.      1904,  p.  46. 


61 


Methods  of  Getting  on  the  Floor  for  Calisthenic  Work 

(1)  Being  in  line  at  a  halt  and  counted  off  by  fours,  to 
take  distance : 

1.  P'ront  take  distance,  2.  March. 

"At  the  command,  March,  number  ones  remain  in  place, 
number  twos  take  four  steps,  number  threes  take  two 
steps,  and  number  fours  take  six  steps. "^ 

This  style  of  putting  men  on  the  floor  is  good  for  a 
small  number  of  men. 

(2)  After  the  drill,  to  assemble  into  line  again: 

1.  Assemble,  2.  March. 
At  the  command,  Alarch,  those  in  the  front  stand  fast, 
the  others  move  forward  to  their  places  in  the  line,  each 
line  w^aiting  till  those  behind  have  come  abreast  before 
starting.  Or  it  may  be  done  by  having  each  line  start 
forward  at  the  command,  March. 

(3)  To  open  order  from  a  column  of  twos : 

1.  Open  order,  2.  March. 

"In  executing  this  command,  the  company  should  be 
counted  oft"  in  double  ones  and  twos ;  the  first  two  men 
take  the  number  one,  the  third  and  fourth  men  take  the 
number  two,  and  the  fifth  and  sixth  men  take  the  number 
one,  etc. 

"At  the  command,  March,  number  ones  take  one  side 
step  outward,  number  twos  take  one  side  step  outward, 
then  on  the  second  count,  number  ones  take  one  step  to 
the  left,  number  twos  one  step  to  the  right. "- 

To  secure  precision  of  execution  count  two  after  giv- 
ing the  command,   ]\Iarch,   which  should  count  as   one. 

(1)  Marching  for  Gymnastic  Use,  by  Halsted,   p.   7. 

(2)  Marching  for  Gymnastic  Use,  by  Halsted,   p.   16. 

62 


(4)  To  close  order  after  the  work  (or  drill)  : 

1.  Close  order,  2.  March. 

"At  the  command,  March,  number  ones  take  one  side 
step  to  the  left  (or  right)  and  number  twos  take  one  side 
step  to  the  right  (or  left),  then  all  take  two  steps  inward. 

"Count  as  in  opening  order  for  precision."^ 

(5)  To  open  order  from  a  column  of  threes : 

1.  Open  order,  2.  March. 

The  company  should  be  counted  off  in  triple  ones  and 
twos  and  formed  into  a  column  of  threes. 

At  the  command,  March,  the  two  outside  columns  take 
three  steps  outward  at  the  count  of  the  instructor,  the 
middle  column  stands  fast;  on  the  fourth  count  all  of 
number  ones  take  one  side  step  to  the  left,  and  all  of 
number  twos  take  one  side  step  to  the  right. 

(6)  '•To  close  order  after  the  drill: 

1.  Close  order,  2.  March. 

The  instructor  should  count  to  close  order  the  same  as 
in  open  order. 

At  the  command,  March,  which  will  correspond  to  num- 
ber one,  all  of  number  ones  take  one  step  to  the  right  and 
all  of  number  twos  take  one  step  to  the  left,  and  on 
counts  two,  three  and  four,  the  outside  columns  take 
three  steps  inward  to  the  middle  column  which  in  the  last 
three  counts  stands  fast. 

(7)  Marching  in  column  of  files  counted  off  in  fours,  to 
take  intervals : 

1.  By  the  left  (or  right)  flank  form  fours,  2.  Open 
order,  3.  March. 
At  the  command,   March,  the  leading  four  will  exe- 
cute the  flank  movement,  as  indicated  in  the  command. 
They  will  then  immediately  take  their  distance  by  rais- 
ing the  arms  to  side  horizontal  and  march  to  the  front 

(1)    Marching  for  Gymnastic  Use,  by  Halsted,  p.   16. 

63 


till  the  command,  halt  or  mark  time,  is  given.  The  sec- 
ond four  men  continue  the  march  till  they  can  execute 
the  flank  movement  on  the  same  ground  as  did  the  first 
four,  they  then  follow  the  first  four.  This  is  repeated 
till  the  whole  column  of  files  have  taken  their  intervals 
on  the  floor. 

(8)  Being  at  regulation  distance  on  the  floor,  to  close 
order : 

1.  Forward,  close  order,  2.  March. 

At  the  command,  March,  the  men  close  the  distance  by 
marching  into  close  dress  position,  forming  a  column  of 
fours. 

This  method  of  opening  order  can  be  modified  by  having 
the  men,  upon  executing  the  first  command,  continue  to 
march  till  all  have  formed  into  a  column  of  fours,  then 
the  second  part  of  the  command  is  given.  Numbers  one 
and  two  left  face,  and  three  and  four  right  face.  One 
and  four  take  nine  steps,  two  and  three  take  three  steps 
in  the  direction  they  face.  They  then  halt  and  face  the 
front. 

(9)  Being  in  column  of  fours,  to  take  intervals: 

1.  To  the  left  (or  right)  take  intervals,  2. 
March. 

"Having  brought  the  column  of  fours  up  to  the  side 
of  the  room  and  halted  them,  and  having  assigned  to  the 
three  men  on  the  side  toward  which  the  movement  is  to 
be  executed  the  intervals,  nine,  six  and  three  paces,  or 
one,  two,  three  and  four  paces,  the  above  command  is 
executed  as  follows : 

"At  the  command,  March,  the  three  men  who  are  to 
take  intervals  turn  and  march,  each  his  required  distance 
and  then  face  forward  ;  the  fourth  man  remains  in  place. "^ 

(10)  Being  at  intervals  on  the  floor,  to  assemble: 

1.  To  the  left  (or  right)  assemble,  2.  March. 

(1)    Infantry   Drill    Regulations,   U.   S.   Army,  p.   24.      1904,  p.   42. 

64 


"At  the  command,  March,  the  man  on  the  side  to  which 
the  men  are  commanded  to  assemble  stands  fast,  the  rest 
turn  and  march  to  within  facing  distance  and  face  for- 
ward."^ 

(11)  Being   in   hne   in   double   rank   at   a   halt,   to   take 
intervals : 

1.  To  the  left  (or  right)  take  intervals,  2.  March. 
"At  the  first  command  the  rear  rank  steps  back  four 
paces ;  at  the  command,  March,  the  man  on  the  right  of 
each  rank  stands  fast,  the  other  men  step  to  the  left, 
each  man  halting  faced  to  the  front,  w^hen  he  has  the 
proper  interval. "- 

(12)  Being  at  intervals,  to  assemble: 

1.  To  the  left  (or  right)  assemble,  2.  March. 
"At  the  command,  ]\Iarch,  the  front  rank  man  on  the 
left  (or  right)   stands  fast,  the  other  men  close  to  their 
proper  places."^ 

(13)  Being  in  line  in  double  rank  at  a  halt  and  having 
counted  fours,  to  take  distance : 

1.  Front  take  distance,  2.  March. 
"At  the  command,  March,  number  one  of  each  four 
of  the  front  rank  moves  straight  to  the  front,  number 
tw^o  moves  off  as  soon  as  number  one  has  advanced  the 
specified  distance  (two  paces)  ;  numbers  three  and  four 
move  off  in  succession  in  like  manner.  The  rear  rank 
executes  what  has  been  prescribed  for  the  front  rank, 
number  one  moving  off  as  soon  as  number  four  of  the 
front  rank  has  advanced  two  paces.  The  proper  distance 
being  attained,  Squad  (or  company)  halt,  is  given."* 

(14)  To  assemble  after  drill : 

1.  Assemble,  2.  March. 

(1)  Infantry  Drill   Regulations,  U.  S.  Army,  p.   55.  1904,  p.  42. 

(2)  Infantry  Drill   Regulations,  U.  S.  Army,  p.   24.  1904,  p.  42. 

(3)  Infantry  Drill   Regulations,   U.  S.  Army,  p.   55.  1904,  p.  42-. 

(4)  Infantry  Drill  Regulations,  U.  S.  Army,  p.   55.  1904,   p.  43. 

65 


"Number  one  of  front  rank  stands  fast,  the  other  men 
move  forward  and  close  in  their  proper  places."^ 

(15)  Being  in  hne  counted  off  by  fours,  to  open  files : 

1.  Company,  front  open  files  four  paces,  2.  March. 

Each  pupil  will  multiply  his  own  number  by  the  number 

of  paces  given  in  the  command.    At  the  command,  March, 

he  will  then  take  that  number  of  steps  straight  to  the  front, 

and  come  to  a  halt. 

(16)  To  bring  the  pupils  back  to  a  line  give  the  following 
command : 

1.  Front  close  files,  2.  IMarch. 
"At   the   command,   March,   number   four   stand    fast, 
while  numbers  one,  two  and  three  march  to  the   front, 
until  they  are  in  line  with  number  four."- 

(17)  Marching  in  column  of  files  counted  off  in  sixes,  to 
open  order : 

1.  Sixes  to  the  left  (or  right)  open  order,  2. 
March. 
"In  the  figure  the  line  A  B  represents  a  file  of  scholars 
marching  in  the  direction  of  the  arrow  C.  Number  one 
turns  to  the  left  and  marches  in  the  direction  of  the  arrow 
D;  he  is  followed  by  numbers  two,  three,  four,  five  and 
six,  who  fall  back  from  each  other  about  five  or  six  paces. 
When  the  first  six  files  have  reached  the  required  distance, 
they  execute  a  left  face ;  and  march  in  the  direction  of  the 
arrow  E ;  they  are  followed  in  turn  by  the  second  six  files, 
and  so  on  until  all  the  original  file  of  pupils  have  opened 
order  and  are  marching  in  the  direction  of  the  arrow  E. 
The  director  gives  the  command,  Halt,  when  the  first  six 
have  marched  to  the  front  of  the  hall.  The  other  sixes 
will  stop  at  any  specified  number  of  paces  from  the  six 
next  in  front  of  them."^ 

(1)  Infantry  Drill  Regulations,  U.   S.   Army,  p.   56.     1904,   p.   A3. 

(2)  Light  Gymnastics,  by  Wm.   G.  Anderson,  p.   32. 

(3)  Light  Gymnastics,  by  Wm.   G.  Anderson,  p.  33. 

66 


0 
Q 
D 
0 
0 
0 


i <M 

ft 


D 
D 
Q 
Q 
D 
0 


>»      > 
c 

(18)  To  bring  the  pupils  back  to  single  file  give  the  com- 
mand : 

1.  Right   face,    2.    Forward,    3.    Close   order,    4. 
March. 
"At  the  command,  March,   numbers   two,  three,   four 
five  and  six  will  march  back  of  number  one,  in  which  case 
the  first  set  can  march  in  any  given  direction  to  be  fol- 
lowed by  the  others  in  their  turn."^ 

(19)  Marching  in  column  of  files  counted  off  by  sixes,  to 
take  intervals. 

1.  Sixes  to  the  left  (or  right)  take  intervals,  2. 
March. 
"At  the  command,  March,  number  one  of  the  first  set 

(1)    Light  Gymnastics,  by  Wm.  G.  Anderson,  p.  33. 

67 


of  sixes  stands  fast,  number  two  marches  by  the  left  (or 
right)  flank  until  he  is  far  enough  away  from  number 
one  so  that  he  cannot  interfere  with  him  when  his  arms 
are  at  half  abduction  ;  he  then  faces  to  the  right  and  comes 
to  a  halt.  Number  three  marches  up  to  number  one,  then' 
follow^s  number  two  until  his  specified  distance  is  reached 
beyond  number  two ;  he  then  faces  to  the  front  and  halts. 
This  is  repeated  till  all  of  the  first  set  of  sixes  have  taken 
their  intervals.  Number  one  of  the  second  set  of  sixes 
marches  to  within  five  or  seven  feet  of  number  one  of  the 
first  set  of  sixes,  and  stands  fast ;  numbers  two,  three, 
four,  five  and  six  execute  the  movement  as  prescribed  for 
the  first  six.  This  is  repeated  until  the  whole  column  of 
sixes  is  arranged  on  the  floor  for  calisthenic  work."^ 

This  method  is  perhaps  more  used  than  any  other  by 
most  Young  Men's  Christian  Associations,  as  it  is  par- 
ticularly simple  and  useful. 


6       'T        y       i         t 

p  a  p  a   p   n 

u  - .'.  .  ••-   .  i  .  .  .  i  . . 


P  P  p   CJ    ip 


4    '*^ 


(n    Worked  out  by  A.  L.  Fish. 


68 


(30)  Being  on  the  floor  at  intervals,  to  close  order: 

1.  Left  (or  right)  by  file,  3.  March. 

"At  the  command,  March,  nvmiber  one  of  the  first  set 
of  sixes  marches  straight  to  the  front,  the  remaining  five 
march  by  the  left  (or  right)  flank  and  follow  number  one 
in  file ;  after  the  last  man  of  the  first  set  of  sixes  has  come 
into  file,  number  one  of  the  second  set  follows.  This  is 
repeated  until  the  class  is  all  in  column  of  files. "^ 

(31)  Marching  in  column  of  eights,  to  open  order: 

1.  Fours  left  and  right  about,  3.  March. 

"At  the  command,  March,  the  set  of  fours  on  the  right 
flank  of  the  eight,  with  number  one  acting  as  a  pivot 
man,  makes  a  right  wheel  of  180°  and  steps  off  in 
the  new  direction ;  the  set  of  fours  on  the  left  side  of 
the  eight,  with  number  four  acting  as  pivot  man,  makes 
a  left  wheel  of  180°,  and  steps  off  in  the  new  direc- 
tion ;  then  the  command,  1.  Twos  left  and  right  about, 
executed  as  prescribed  for  fours ;  then  follows  the 
command,  3.  Ones  left  and  right  about,  executed  as  pre- 
scribed for  fours. "^ 

The  close  order  is  just  the  reverse  of  that  which  is  given 
for  open  order. 

(83)   Being  in  column  of  files,  counted  in  fives,  to  open 
order : 

1.  Open  order,  3.  March. 

At  the  command,  March,  the  numbers  three  should 
stand  fast ;  numbers  two  and  four  march  outward  in 
front  of  numbers  one  and  five  in  a  circular  manner  to  a 
position  one  pace  outside  of  numbers  one  and  five.  Num- 
bers one  and  five  then  march  outward  in  a  similar  manner 
to  a  position  two  paces  outside  of  numbers  two  and  four. 


(1)  Worked  out  by  A.  L.  Fish. 

(2)  Worked  out  by  A.  L.  Fish. 


69 


This  movement  may  be  varied  in  a  number  of  ways,  as 
the  instructor  will  readily  see. 

To  close  order  is  just  the  reverse  of  that  given  above 
for  open  order. 


C3         CI  C3  C3  C3 

t  K  ^  V  6" 


I 


70 


Bibliography 

Marching  for  Gymnastic  Use.  By  Alfred  T.  Halsted.  Published 
by  The  Triangle  Publishing  Co.,  Springfield,  Mass.,  1894. 

Infantry  Drill  Regulations,  U.  S.  Army,  1891,  1904  and  1911. 
Published  by  D.  Appleton  &  Co.,  New  York. 

Light  Gymnastics.  By  Wm.  G.  Anderson,  M.  D.  Published  by 
Maynard,  Merrill  &  Co.,  New  York,  1893. 

Literature  which  Dr.  McCurdy,  Mr.  Fish,  and  writer  worked  out 
bearing  directly  on  the  subject. 

Fundamental  and  Accessory  Groups  of  Muscles  in  Gymnastics  and 
Athletics.    Thesis  by  Clififord  T.  Booth,  Class  of  1900. 

Physical  Exercise  for  Boys.  Thesis  by  J.  E.  Sullivan,  Class  of 
1902. 

An  Anthropometric  Study  of  Training  School  Students.  Thesis 
by  F.  B.  Wise,  Class  of  1902. 

School  Tactics  and  Maze  Running.  Edited  by  Luther  H.  Gulick, 
M.  D.    Spalding  Athletic  Library,  No.  234,  Physical  Training  Series. 

School  Tactics.     By  Wm.  A.  Stecher. 

"Right  Dress !"  By  F.  J.  Reilly.  Published  by  Educational  Pub- 
lishing Company,  New  York,  1909. 

Teaching  of  Tactics.  By  C.  L.  Schrader.  American  Physical 
Education  Review,  Vols.  16  and  17,  1912. 


71 


Index 

Page 

Assemble : 

To  the  front 62 

Double   rank    65 

To  the  side 62 

As  you  were   10 

At  ease 15 

Attention     14 

Backward  march    19 

Break  ranks  15 

By  the  flank : 

And  form  fours   34 

And  form  threes 33 

And   halt    28 

From  a  halt  20 

In   file    34 

Marching  or  marking  time  20 

Cadence  13 

Change  step   16 

Changing  direction  in  column  : 

About  29 

From  a  halt  (files)    28 

Marching  (files)   28 

Of  twos  29 

Close  in  mass   49 

Close  order : 

For  fours   63 

For  threes    63 

For  twos  63 

Close  to  distance  of  fours  50 

Column  dividing  around  sides  of  gymnasium   42 

Forming   twos    44 

Column  left,  form  fours  34 

Column  leftj  form  twos  35 

Commands    9 

Common  time   13 

Company  front  open  files ' 56 

Front  close  files   56 

Company  left  26 

Count  ofif    16 

72 


Page 

Counting : 

Twos,  threes  or  fours   .' 16 

Double  ones  or  twos  16 

Double   rank    59 

Double  time  13 

Dressing    15 

Eights,  fours  left  and  right  about  56 

Encircling 40 

Evading     38 

Facing  distance  10 

Facings    17 

Fall    in    column    14 

Fall  in  line  14 

Fives,  to  open  order  70 

Following    36 

Fours,  left  and  right  about  56 

Fours,  column  left  and  right  about 57 

Fours,  left  and  right  54 

Form  eights   54 

Fours  left  26 

By  the  left  flank  47 

Twos  left   44 

Fours  left,  left  forward,  fours  left  46 

Fours  left  circle  26 

Fours  right  by  file  48 

Forming  company,  double  rank  59 

Forward  march  18 

Double  time  19 

Half  steps  19 

Front  take  distance   62 

Double   rank    65 

General  rules  9 

Guide    10 

Guide  in  obliquing    11 

Halting    27 

Hand  apparatus,  to  take 11 

Left  by  files  36 

Double  rank  60 

Left  by  twos   37 

Double  rank  54 

Left  forward,  fours  left 45 

Left  front  into  line  32 

Left  turn    27 

73 


Page 

Marching  flank   10 

Mark  time ' 17 

Obliquing : 

Column  or  line  30 

Column  of  twos,  threes  or  fours 30 

And  forming  twos,  threes  or  fours 36 

From  fours  to  files  36 

From  fours  to  two  37 

And  form  threes   36 

And  form  fours  36 

In  file  30 

Odd  numbers  to  the  rear   57 

On  left  into  line  31 

Open  order : 

From  twos   62 

From   threes 63 

Flank  movement  from  fours 63 

Quick  time   13 

Rear  eights,  front  and  rear  52 

Rear  eights,  in  front   52 

Rear  fours,  front  and  rear 52 

Rear  fours  in  front  50 

Rest    15 

Right  angles    39 

Short  men  on  right  10 

Side  stepping  19 

Sixes  to  the  left : 

Open   order    66 

Take  interval  68 

Take  full  distance  50 

Taking  interval  64 

Double  rank    65 

To  the  rear : 

And  halt   28 

From  a  halt 20 

Marching  or  marking  time  20 

Twos  left   25 

Twos  ( fours)  left  about  25 

Wheeling 25 


74 


INTERNATIONAL   YOUNG   MEN'S 
CHRISTIAN  ASSOCIATION  COLLEGE 

SPRINGFIELD,  MASSACHUSETTS 

L.  L.  DOGGETT.  Ph.  D. President 


Established  in  1885  for  the  professional  training  of  men  for  the  various  departments 
of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association 


Department  of  Humanics  prepares  for  the  various 
forms  of  secretarial  administrative  work — general  secre- 
taries, boys'  work  directors,  religious  work  directors,  edu- 
cational work  directors. 

Department  of  Physical  Education  prepares  for  the 
physical  directorship  in  Young  Men's  Christian  Associa- 
tions, in  schools  and  colleges,  and  in  similar  institutions. 

Authorized  to  confer  the  degrees,  Bachelor  of  Human- 
ics, Bachelor  of  Physical  Education,  and  the  correspond- 
ing master's  degrees. 

Equipment: — Campus  of  thirty-six  acres  on  shore  of 
lake  two  miles  long,  six  buildings,  and  faculty  of  fourteen 
men,  giving  entire  time  to  the  College. 

Admission: — College  graduates  may  secure  the  tech- 
nical degrees  offered  in  two  years.  High  school  graduates 
are  expected  to  spend  four  years.  Students  who  are  not 
candidates  for  degrees  will  be  graduated  with  diploma  at 
the  end  of  three  years. 

Catalog  sent  on  request. 


Ih  SEMINAR  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 

WORKERS  WITH  MEN  AND  BOYS 
SHOULD  READ 

"Adolescent  Boyhood."  H^.f  K'JD  Prof.  H.  M.  Burr  75  cts. 

"Donald  McRea."     Prof.  H.  M.  Burr     -     -      -      -  $1.00 

"Handicapped."     Prof.  H.  M.  Burr 35  cts. 

"Tales  of  Telal."  Prof.  H.  M.  Burr  ...  -  $1.00 
"Manual    of    Marching."        New    Edition,    just    out 

Cornell  &  Berry 25  cts. 

"Springfield  College  Songs."     Arranged  by  Prof.  F. 

S.  Hyde 40  cts. 

"Vital  Problems  in  Rural   Leadership."     Walter  J. 

Campbell,  M.  A.     Paper  covers,  25  cts.;  board  covers,  50  cts. 

Practical  size  for  pocket  or  valise,  enabling  a  busy  w^orker  to 
educate  himself  en  route,  while  enjoying  his  reading  as  much  as  a 
popular  novel.     Some  are  technical  and  hence  necessary. 


'Recreation  Conference  Addresses."      March  and  April,  1912, 
Numbers  of  THE  ASSOCIATION  SEMINAR  25  cts. 

'The  Christian  Appeal."     Burt  B.  Farnsworth.     Reprint  from 
THE  ASSOCIATION  SEMINAR  for  March,  1913    10  cts. 


THE     SEMINAR     PUBLISHING     COMPANY 

SPRINGFIELD MASSACHUSETTS 


6i/ 

17/5 


THE  LIBRARY 
UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 

Santa  Barbara 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW. 


50m-l,'63(D4743s8)476 


hf 


UC  SOUTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 


AA    001  076  202   9 


